四级作文会考论说文还是书信【一】
春天， 万物复苏，小河水哗哗地顺流而下； 活泼机灵的小鸟们在枝头喳喳地纵情歌唱； 小草们神不知鬼不觉地从地下探出了脑袋，大地换上了绿色的新衣； 小野花们争先恐后地展示着自己的美丽； 一棵棵大树好像正在返老还童， 抽出嫩黄色的新芽；。年迈的`凤凰木也紧跟着春天的步伐， 吐出米粒大小的嫩叶， 就像刚出生的婴儿那般娇嫩。
夏天，太阳像一个火炉似地炙烤着地面。凤凰木的叶子早已变成了深绿色，枝条也向四周扩展了许多，变成了一把绿色的大伞。当太阳透过茂密的树叶筛下一束束金光时， 美丽的凤凰花绽开了一张张笑脸，好像给凤凰木披上了红色的霞衣。
秋天，凤凰树的叶子慢慢地变成了金黄色，在微风吹拂下纷纷飘落下来， 给地面铺上了一层厚厚的金色地毯。课间十分钟，我和小伙伴们在凤凰树下尽情地玩耍、嬉闹，甭提有多高兴了。
冬天，刺骨的寒风从耳边呼呼地刮过，古老的凤凰木褪去了繁华，仿佛一个弯着腰、知识渊博的老学者，正在讲述着她一百多年来的沧桑岁月， 并勉励我们克服各种困难、勤奋学习，成为对国家有贡献的人才。
这就是我们百年老校的百年古树---凤凰木。
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【二】
分析范文或优秀作文是我们学好写作的第一步。不要小看任何的优秀小短文，那其中一定有需要你掌握的内容。To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界，
一花一天堂，
手中即无限，
永恒亦短暂。
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【三】
首先得说道说道“经学”。究其原始涵义，“经”指的.就是书籍。许慎自己在《说文》里面将其训为“织”，段玉裁注为“纵线”，即古时穿订书册的线。这个时期涵义不仅仅局限在儒家一派，诸子百家学说都可以算得上，就是南齐刘勰的《文心雕龙》也承认说，“三极彝训，其书曰经。经也者，恒久之至道，不刊之鸿教也。故象天地，效鬼神，参物序，制人纪，洞性灵之奥区，极文章之骨髓者也。皇世《三坟》，帝代《五典》，重以《八索》，申以《九丘》。岁历绵暧，条流纷糅 ”。在这个意义层面上，“经学”还不是一门专业学问，只是简单的书籍集合。但是啊，始皇帝焚书坑儒之后，儒家学者们因为没书，都是凭借记忆力、口耳相传，学习经典。这样教育了几代学者之后，孔子旧宅壁中书被人发现了，此后历代均发现了所谓的“二酉藏书”（即所谓的“学富五车”、“书通二酉”）和汲冢古书。学者们研究发现，这些古书的经义和口耳相传、用时行隶书书写的经文，在顺序甚至思想上有很大不同。说句难听的，做学问总得先搞清祖师爷讲什么吧，因此汉儒们围绕“今古文经”问题展开了真理标准的大讨论。
秀丽的二酉山，今日已经开发成了旅游区
而许慎呢，就是这样一位研究经学的经学家。他是一个坚定的古文学家，《说文解字》说的、解的就是与孔子壁中书一样的古文字 ——— 小篆（当然也有一些金文）。
与隶书相比，小篆笔画更显曲折、圆融
许慎大概是想通过《说文》，来正字正义，从文字的角度给古文经站台，这和班固记录的《白虎通》殊途同归，都是为了统一学术思想。中国人的集体意识可见一斑！
《说文解字》是第一部系统分析汉字字形和考究字源的字书。算得上是最早的字典之一。本书收字9353个，考虑到《现代汉语常用字表》的3500个常用字，以及词义演变情况，许慎的著作可谓惊世。许慎还正式的回答了什么是“六书”，除此之外，这本书的部首编排法也成为了后来字书的范例。此外，他的许多释义为后来者奉为圭臬。CNKI要是统计下“被引次数”，数据绝对会帅爆。
作为第一部真正意义上的字书，自然会被后来者不断批注。最善者应该是徐铉校订本（徐铉，宋人，原在南唐后主手下做事，随李煜归宋，密传后主怨望之言，太宗因而鸠***后主）。现在卖的最好的就是中华书局的许慎著、徐铉校订版。此外，还有著名的说文四大家段玉裁、桂馥、王筠和朱骏声。其主要著作分别为：段玉裁《说文解字注》，桂馥《说文解字义证》，王筠《说文句读》、《说文释例》，朱骏声《说文通训定声》。
我的说文，蒙尘已久
被誉为”六艺之渊源，古学之总龟”的《说文解字》是古文字学家的必备书目。这本起笔于公元一百年，历时二十一载的巨著，也适合于书法爱好者。至于一般读者，我总觉得，它的作用不如一本小学《新华字典》来得大。要知道，厚古可不等于薄今。
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【四】
Dear all,
I am writing this letter to express my gratitude to my parents for teaching me to be positive and to be strong. “Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” is the opinion held by Aristotle. It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct even today, including my parenting.
It is widely acknowledged that parenting, which can also be explained as family education, is of great significance in our character forming and manner acquiring. To be more detailed, setting good examples instead of just giving precepts is the greatest achievement of my parents. They not only taught me to think for the best and prepare for the worst; they taught me how. They not only told me the benefits of being strong in mind; they proved it. All those things require huge amount of time and work, but it’s worth it.
Without my parents’ contribution and education, I would never be who I am now. But most importantly, I would never be more gratitude to them than today.
Yours,
XXX
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【五】
Dear Mary,
You said in your letter that many of your classmates wore fashionableclothes, but you couldn\'t afford them so you felt very depressed. There are dif-ferent views on people\'s clothes. The followings are my ideas:
Firstly, you shouldn\'t put too much emphasis on physical appearance.
Remember that the most important task for you today is to concentrate on yourstudies. No matter what you wear, you will really look your best when youcome out first in your examinations.
Secondly, you should understand that it is a fine virtue to live in fru-gality. Just as a famous saying goes, Frugality is the mother of virtue.
Since your family can\'t provide you with enough money to buy fashionableclothes, it is all the more necessary for you to try to lighten the financialburden of your family. And you will find the virtue of frugality benefit youa lot in your future life.
I hope you understand what I mean. Hope you will take a positive attitudetowards life and will be happy again when you read my letter.
Yours,
Anne
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【六】
近半个世纪以来，全世界的森林遭到了大面积破坏，联合国有关资料表明，全球森林面积的减少主要发生在20世纪50年代以后，其中1980～1990年全球平均每年损失森林995万公顷，约等于一个韩国的面积。这就是人类的不负责与无意识造就的后果。所有的一切都因人们抱有这贪婪的心里，为了争夺眼前的资源与金钱，不惜大肆开采煤矿，钻石，黄金，大量砍伐树木，从而导致土地荒漠化，泥石流，陆地下陷，温室效应等一系列的问题滚滚而来，然后人类才意识到环保的重要与地球的可贵，就像一句话所描述：前人栽树，后人乘凉；前人伐木，后人遭殃。
我游览过祖国的大江南北，领略过不同民族的风土人情，但在一次偶然间，惊讶的看见了一张垃圾堆满沙滩，海豹脖子上被铁丝圈着的照片时，让我触目惊心，久久难以忘怀，我不禁心想：人类每天无意中生产的\'大量垃圾，如果不妥善的处理与循环利用，大量垃圾将以不同方式，最终汇聚进大海。据资料显示：除了人们所知的七个大陆外，在太平洋最人迹罕至的地方，又有一个“新大陆”正在生成——这个“新大陆”完全是由垃圾堆起来的，人们把它称为“第八大陆”。这个巨大的垃圾岛，面积是英国的六倍。多么惊人的数据啊，所以说垃圾处理是每个国家都必须深思的难题。
绿色环保，还是要从我做起。每个地球公民都应该像我一样，有着环保意识，负起责任，用爱心来热爱我们的地球。其实环保只是一弯腰的高度，有时只是一张纸的厚度，但是有些时候环保就在人类面前，但有些人还以为它是垃圾。
如今上海市出现了许多分类垃圾桶，标有许多不同种类的垃圾。拥有环保意识，就是要从小事做起，我经常把垃圾分类扔进对应的垃圾桶，来方便回收利用的公司职工分类。
花儿用美丽装扮世界，我们用行动美化地球。不要让人类最后一滴眼泪成为地球上最后一滴水，环保永远在我们身边。责任+行动+爱心=绿色地球。
四级作文会考论说文还是书信【七】
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先，提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段：提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段：正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段：摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次，提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性，连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity：段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛，也不可太具体，做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明，另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence：关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰，层层展开。
完整性(completeness：以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头，这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次，提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型：It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单，注意练习并接句的使用，会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as，如：
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头，句式简单，我们可以通过把since提前改变句式，如：
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后，提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法：millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论，辩论”的意思，而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.，相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略：使用最近所学的单词，如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后，我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文，以供参考：
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
