可为和有为作文思路框架【一】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
可为和有为作文思路框架【二】
王开林
①一位熟识的读者告诉我：几年前，他曾在精神方面出现了危机的前兆——空虚和迷茫。于是他主动应对，阅读了一些书。忽然悟到，大家人云亦云，反复强调“有志者事竟成”，那个“事”通常都指大事，然而天下大事太少，小事如麻，倘若我们一味地想做大事，别说良机有限，贵人难遇，就老实地掂量自己的才智吧，也未必够用。悟到 这一层，他当机立断，确定了一条崭新的座右铭——“日成一事”。这个“事”只限于小事和微事，但必须做得有条不紊，有始有终。一段时间后，他走出困境，取得了突出的业绩，成为同行中的领军人物。可见，日成一事，方可有为。
②日成一事，就是要尽可能地把小事做好，把细节顾全。读一本书，就把这本书读明白，不“***书头”（国学家黄侃的说法，只读个开头，就将书撂下抛弃）。写一封信，就把这封信写周详，慎勿差池。见一个人，就把这个人见清楚，莫留疑惑。植一棵树就把这棵树植成活，勿使枯萎。诸如此类。日成一事，既是一个原始积累的过程，也是一个自我完善的过程，久而久之，不说积土成山，积水成渊，至少也能集腋成裘。
③日成一事，就是要尽可能地把小事做好，不慌不忙，不急不躁。曾国藩有一副名联，可谓快人“慢语”：“好人半自苦中来，莫贪便宜；世事皆因忙里错，且更从容。”我说曾国藩是“快人”，其意并不难解，他是近代公认的立德、立功、立言的`头号典型人物，大家都认定他是快刀斩乱麻的顶尖高手。殊不知，他经常劝人要慢工出细活，天下事非从容而莫办。无独有偶，民国元勋黄兴也是“快人”，半生戎马倥偬，但他好整以暇，最爱对人说的四个字是“慢慢细细”（长沙方言，意为做事不求快而求精）。大德高人，我们学不来，但其言之要义值得留心，无论做大事还是做小事，单纯地追求快速都不行，急就章靠谱的总是太少，精心之作则须仔细打磨。
④也许有人会犯嘀咕：日成一事，这是否要求太高而又逼迫太紧？首先，日成一事，是专指小事；其次，日 成一事，是专重细节；此外，日成一事，是要快人减速；还有，日成一事，是要懒人提劲。虽是小事和细节，你若日日慎意而为，精心而为，你将具备过人之处。
（选自《青年文摘》2013年，有删改）
24.选文的中心论点是什么？（2分）
答：
25.选文开头从一位读者的经历写起，有什么好处？（3分）
答：
26.选文第③段运用了哪些论证方法？有什么作用？（4分）
答：
27.请简要分析选文的论证思路。（3分）
28.下列选项中，不适合作为选文论据的一项是（ ）（2分）
A.马南邨《燕山夜话》：“任何重大原则的分野，常常是隐伏在不被注意的细微末节之间，有识者不可不察！”
B.梁实秋《书》：“挤在书肆里读书，应该像牛吃嫩草，不慌不忙的……”
C.陶渊明在《五柳先生传》中写道：“好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。”
D.老子说：“天下难事，必做于易；天下大事，必做于细。”
29.读了选文以后，请结合生活实际，谈谈你的收获。（2分）
答：
可为和有为作文思路框架【三】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
