导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
在我们淮南有一座美丽的\'公园——龙湖公园,那里风景如画、游人如织。
一进入龙湖公园那古色古香的南大门。首先映入眼帘的是一个梦幻般音乐的喷泉,8条威武的石龙围坐在喷水池四周,不时从石龙嘴里吐出美丽的水花。每当节日来临,音乐一响,喷泉立刻随着音乐的变换喷出形态各异的水柱和水花,水柱时而高耸入云,气势磅礴,水花时而似天女散花,令人神往……喷泉两边高耸的壁画上雕刻着淮南古老的历史故事和传说,令人驻足观望。
绕过喷泉,往北便来到充满神秘色彩的“时光隧道”。半圆形的褐色拱门一道挨着一道,就像是镂空的隧道一般。每当夜幕降临,七彩的灯光忽明忽暗,让人觉得仿佛置身仙境。
穿过“时光隧道”,便来到了一个清新的世界。那里道路蜿蜒曲折,路两旁栽满了苍翠的松柏,绿地里的八角枫长得枝繁叶茂。顺着道路向前走,就来到龙湖边。湖水平静的像一面大镜子,一阵微风拂过,湖面漾起层层涟漪,一棵棵婀娜多姿的柳树依偎在岸边,像是柳树姑娘在羞涩地照镜子呢。
沿着湖边漫步,眼前便出现了一座汉白玉石拱桥。那桥洞呈半圆形,宛如一弯新月,和倒映在水里的影子相映成趣,两旁的栏杆上雕琢着精美的图案,每一个石柱上的花纹都各不相同,令人称奇。
站在桥上凭栏远眺,落日的余晖洒落在湖面上,泛起层层金色的波纹。美丽的湖心小岛倒映在碧绿的湖水中,令人浮想联翩。
“信步龙湖,人在画中”,龙湖公园真是一个景色宜人的好地方!
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
It turned out that whatever you pretended to be on the surface was useless when you really cared about someone, all kinds of emotions that were despised by her floated overwhelmingly in her mind. In a film everything always went smoothly as the hero wished upon the time of his awakening. However, she was treated so unfairly by the fate, making all her pride and courage broke down after being brave for just one time. She could make her own decision, but that didn’t count.
原来她独自一人在这场旷日持久的沉默暗恋中耽搁了太久,对每种难过和伪装驾轻就熟,却从未懂得,在两个人的感情世界中,一锤定音的,不是心有灵犀的睿智,不是旗鼓相当的欣赏,更不是死心塌地的仰望。是心疼,是怜惜。是两难境地里,那一点点无可奈何的舍不得。
At last she had been lingering alone in the secret love for such a long time. She had been good at hiding all her emotions, no matter happiness or sorrow, but she still couldn’t understand the fact that in the relationship belonging to two individuals what really mattered was not the sensibility and understanding between two wise minds, not the respect and admiration towards the other who was equal in ability. The most important thing was the moment when man and woman felt tender and protective towards each other. That was what you held on to in dilemma.
她会把故事讲得很好听。实际生活中,时间控制束缚了她;而在故事里,她是主人,控制着空间和时间四处飞驰,并且能把被日常琐碎所掩埋的线索捡起来,重新梳理编排,一定要把听众讲到如痴如醉泪眼滂沱。然而只是想法而已。故事也许并不像她想象中的那么容易讲——因为讲着讲着,就会怜悯起从前那个被困在时间里面眺望未来的自己,心里很难过。
She can write good stories. In reality, the time controls and bounds her, but in stories, she is the master who can order the space and the time to fly around and reach anywhere she imagines. She can also collect the clues buried by daily trivialities, comb them and arrange them and she is confirmed that she can make her audience intoxicated and even cry for some plots. However, that’s just her assumption. Stories are not as easy as she imagines because she can always see the former self who was trapped in time and drew a vague picture of the future in vain, and she feels depressed.
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