1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
那是一个初秋晴好的天,我一袭红裙,站在一棵苍翠的香樟树下,引颈翘首,目光拉到极远极开,找寻着我此生注定的良人。那天是他到我家下聘“送日子”决定婚期的日子,这预示着我和他将互许终生,长相依守。记得那天的沁凉秋风尤其恼人,吹得我的碎发飘绕,吹得我的裙角翻飞,更添我的烦扰,怎么还没来?母亲的饭菜都上桌了,出意外了?反悔了?聘礼丢了?睡忘了?几千几万种所有坏的设想在脑中成立又推翻,脚下飘落的樟树叶子被我踩得支离破碎……
终于,来了。
一向随性的他,穿着正统的藏青色西装,系着同色系条纹领带,头发喷了定型水,一丝不乱,嘴巴笑得咧到耳根,由他姐夫陪着,披着暖暖秋阳缓缓行来。见我等在树下,一溜烟儿的跑过来,鞋也跑掉一只,好傻!所有的怨恼瞬间烟消云散。
母亲一挂响亮的爆竹把他迎进了屋。稍坐片刻,他从西装内袋里掏出一个牛皮纸信封,庄重的双手递给父母,父亲打开信封,里面是一张朱红彩纸,纸上写有漆黑毛笔隶书体字样,应该是我和他的婚期。他端了茶,双膝跪于父亲母亲面前奉上,“爸、妈,放心把丫丫交给我,我会让她幸福的!”躲在厨房的我,透过窄窄的门缝,清晰看见,他汗珠粒粒微微胀红的脸,父母欣慰又不舍湿润的双眼,眼泪就那样倾泻而下,真的要嫁了,真的要离开这个生活二十余载的家了,真的要离开可以随性撒娇弄痴的父母双亲了,真的要开始另一种全新而未知的生活了。不舍、心酸、害怕、怅惘,种种情绪涌上心头。
转眼间,十年的时光就这样不经意间从指缝眉尖流走,回首十年婚姻生活,甜蜜笑语,伤心泪滴,温馨欢喜,吵架斗气,一路欢愉一路磕绊,一路的笑泪相随,但终究是你离不了我,我离不了你。
甜蜜
刚结婚那会儿,还处在恋爱期,恋人间所有肉麻的事我们都做过。
他为了逗我开心,特意学了许多神奇的小魔术;他为了衬合我偶尔的风雅,悉心研读诗书;他为了治好我的胃病,遍寻偏方秘方,细心给我调养;他为了在某个特殊的纪念日献上一曲,偷偷一遍又一遍练习吉他。
我会在他抽的香烟上题写“只愿君心似我心,定不负相思意”;我会在夜雨敲窗的夜半三更为他赶织长长的围巾;我会在听到他下夜班熟悉的上楼脚步声后,熄灭所有的灯,披了毯子扮女巫吓到了他欢天喜地一个礼拜!
而后,我们做了父母,最甜蜜的事都是跟女儿有关,粉嫩粉嫩的女儿不时咂一下小嘴儿、抻一下懒腰躺在床上睡觉的憨态,我们能傻乐着趴在床边一看一个下午,女儿咿呀的学语能让我俩都不好好说话,也叠字奶声的牙牙学语,女儿幼儿园学来的儿歌舞蹈,能看得我们如痴如醉,惊为天人!
再后来,女儿大了,时光流去,感情积淀,滤去了些许青涩、轻狂和浮躁,剩下的是心灵的相守相依。
小到下班疲累时的一杯热茶,为上夜班的他(她)点亮的一盏门灯,大到头疼脑热时的殷殷照拂,坎坎坷坷中的相扶相携,都是我们甜蜜的痕迹。
斗气
吵架斗气是每一对夫妻都会经历的,但吵架斗气也须得把握分寸,穷追猛打,不依不饶,就会伤了感情,扩大裂痕,如若小吵小闹,适可而止,反而平添情趣,加深了解。
刚结婚那会儿,跟老人住一块儿,每次起了分歧,想吵架都不能痛快的吵,只能压低了声音,窃窃私语,那就完全变了味儿,窝了一肚子的火吐不出来。后来经我们双方合议,决定约出去吵,去哪里呢?大街上放不下脸,菜市场显得没素质,最后一致同意去附近农村田野里吵。于是有矛盾后,我俩气闷着脸一前一后出了家门。一路上碰见熟人打招呼,脸就一分分的松了下来,气儿也一寸寸的\'泄了出去,等来到田间地头,蓝天白云菜蔬鲜嫩,鸟语花香空气清明,哪里还有半分气恼怨恨。“哎,这白菜多嫩,生的就能吃一颗。”他一语,“这黄瓜才嫩呢,刺儿还凝着霜呢。”我一言。我俩相视间已带笑颜,我作为小女子,当然还要不服气的追问:“喂,架还吵不吵了?”“傻不傻呀?一天到晚就知道吵架。”他会笑骂着作势要掐我佯装生气鼓着的脸颊,我惊叫着跑开。
后来,孩子大了,我们一家三口单过,想想终于可以开怀的吵一次架了,但仍未如愿。
每当我们言行稍有过激倾向,我们家的“维和小卫士”就站出来,很专业的分析谁对谁错,谁是谁非,再互相检讨,互相道歉,最后还要“手拉手,做个好朋友”,麻烦得很,每每只好作罢。有时气愤难平,只能做点别的事情发泄发泄,像把枕头当做假想敌猛捶一气,把他的手机藏在米袋里让他找破头都找不到。
一次,白天战争爆发,因“小卫士”的干预戛然而止,胸口那口气憋得我辗转反侧,不能成眠,更气的是,那个惹起祸端的人已经呼呼大睡,香着哩,我半夜两点,实在气不过,起床拿了剪刀,冲到窗台上两盆月季花前,“咔咔”一阵乱剪,咔嚓声终于惊醒梦中人,蹑手蹑脚来到我身边,“玩儿什么,慎不慎人?大半夜的。”我不理他,继续咔嚓,眼看月季将要被我灭顶。“好了,还不解气,来,你咔我!”他伸过头来。他明知道我下不了手,我一扔剪刀,一屁股坐到地上“哇哇”大哭。最后,当然是在他的认错告饶中大团圆结局。
吵架心得:男人要放得下身段,男子汉大丈夫提得起放得下,有时吃亏也是占便宜;女人见好就收,有台阶就下,懂得适可而止是极品女人守则之一。与各位共勉。
“你是我这辈子最重要的决定,我愿意每天在你身边苏醒……你还是有一堆毛病改不掉,拗起来,急得仙女都跳脚,可是人生完美的事太少,我们不能什么都想要……就算流泪也能放晴将心比心,因为幸福没有捷径只有经营。”一直很喜欢范范的这首歌,因为她用感性的声音将一个女人在经营自己婚姻的智慧和浓浓幸福娓娓道出,也道出我的心声。
一杯香茶,你上网冲浪,我捧书伴读在侧;两盏红酒,我们对月浅酌,聊聊工作,聊聊孩子。就这样,让我们一个十年,又一个十年的慢慢变老。
“宜言饮酒,与子偕老,琴瑟在御,莫不静好。”相携相持,岁月静好,愿你我一路行去仍是展眉如初。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
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