Dear professor Jackson:
I am indeed very sorry that I missed the examination you gave on Moby-Dick last Wednesday. I feel badly about it and want you to know what happened.
On my way to class that day,I had a flat tire,and I had to go with the mechanic when he repaired it. It took me more than one hour to get it done. A copy of the bill is enclosed.
I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. I would appreciate your allowing me to take a make up examination. I will #e to your office during your office hour on Monday to discuss this possibility with you. Once again,I''m sorry fro any inconvenience caused.
Sincerely yours,
Alice
Dear Miss Morgan,
(1 I am so sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to attend the lecture on American history tomorrow afternoon. (2 Now, I’m writing this letter to show my deep regret (3 I do hope you can understand me and excuse me for my absence.
(4 I will be very grateful if you are kind to listen to my explanation. (5 The reason for my absence is that my uncle is returning home from France, and I have promised to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon. (6 Therefore, I will have to give up attending your lecture tomorrow afternoon.
(7I wonder if it is possible for lecture to be recorded, and if so, could I borrow the tape? Sincerely yours Li Hua
在看到“美是客观存在还是主观感受”这个辩题的时候,就我个人而言,我可能刚开始会倾向于正方“美是客观存在的”,细思的话,却是更倾向于反方。
就正方而言,我所理解的,美如果是客观存在的话,那么,不管有没有人去感受,美都是存在的,不能因为没有人去感受它,而说它不存在。而美正是因为有规律可循才能形成所谓的美学。
众人所认为的美的不同,在于他们的审美感受,而不在于物体的本身,任何物体都是有它美的地方,当然也有丑的地方,我们日常生活中所说的美丑,其实一定程度上,是由于我们所存在的社会,人们用自己的审美去判定什么是美什么是丑。
因此,我们所谓的美学家不是与生俱来的,他在他的成长过程中,受到社会的各种影响,才产生了他自己的'审美,但不管如何审美,有些东西有美的地方,始终会被发现,就如吴哥窟、金字塔等的世界奇迹,或许会因为不同的人的审美不同而短暂地被认为不美,但它们的美不会因为人觉得它们不美而改变。
在美不能与美的感受混为一谈这一点上,正方没有充分把握自己的优势。他们虽然多次强调反方将美与美的感受混为一谈,却没有更深入地去阐述,美与美的感受有何不同。另外,正方在一辩的时候,提出了美是有迹可循,是有规律的,却一直没有举例给出一个标准。
美国得克萨斯州大学(奥斯丁分校心理学教授朗洛伊丝教授根据研究得出,人脸美的判定,关键在于人脸是否趋近于一种脸的平均状态。从这个例子可以看出,纵使不同的人从不同的角度去欣赏美,不同的人有不同的主观感受,但是,美是有标准的,美还是在那里,只是人的审美不同。
就反方而言,我所理解的,如果美是主观感受的话,那么,可以从美的起源来论述。美,其实是人类所制定出来的一个标准,因此,由此看来,倘若没有人的主观感受,没有人来定出这个标准,根本就不会有所谓的美,既然美是由人所制定的,如何能脱离主观感受?
而对于动物,它们不存在思考,因此它们所喜欢的,只是本能的驱使,更不会有美的概念。由此想来,没有美的感受,所谓的美与美学也就荡然无存。吴哥窟、金字塔这类的建筑,当初既然建造出来,便是由人而设计,有人的主观感受才会有这些人为美的东西。至于大自然的美,没有人去感受,没有人去进一步体验,没有人去灌注感情,大自然纵使存在在那,但并不会有美。
Dear ,
Much to my regret / I amterribly sorry that I am unable to . It is mainly because at that timeI will be full occupied by which is quite out of my expectation, and thatconflicts with your .Therefore I am forced to adjust my schedule and cannot make my presence on your . I sincerely hope thatyou will enjoy a good time. By the way, can we have dinner together some timenext week? I hope to see you soon.
I am really sorry againand I trust that you will understand.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
举行换裙仪式后,少女就可以自由自在地逛街、赶场、看赛马、耍朋友、谈恋爱了。换裙时间是根据少女的'发育情况而定的,一般选在15~17岁之间,多择单岁。因为在当地彝民看来,双岁换裙会多灾多难,终生也不会吉利。至于换裙的具体日期,则要请老人好好地择算一下,才能最后定下吉日佳期。
换裙这天,主人家像过节一样喜气洋洋,富户要***猪宰羊,大宴宾客;穷户最少也要***鸡泡酒,招待亲邻。一大早,男女宾客便纷纷登门,送礼祝贺。按照当地俗规,举行换裙仪式时,绝不允许任何男子在场,只邀请女亲女友参加。
换裙仪式因地区不同,各有千秋。有的地方是请一位成年女性坐在果树下抽打一只小猪,待猪死后,将死猪在换裙少女的头上连续转几匝,以此来驱除邪恶。然后为姑娘挂上耳坠,梳成双辩,再换新裙。有的地方则先假设一物为夫方,如树木或磨子,然后把少女打扮成一位花枝招展的假新娘,由一位成年妇女背着,围绕假设之物走三圈,即算结婚。
在仪式进行的过程中,有的地方仅由妇女们说些逗笑少女的风流话和祝愿词,有的地方则一直在歌声和笑声中进行。先由为首的姑娘用歌声挑逗、审问换裙的少女,问她喜欢谁?是喜欢好吃懒做的人,还是勤劳勇敢的人?是喜欢诚实忠厚的人,还是喜欢投机耍滑的人?面对审问和戏弄,换裙少女一般不开腔回答,只是低着头羞涩低坐着,规规矩矩地接受一切审问。
所有审问的内容一概由坐在少女身边的一位姑娘越俎代庖,一一作答。最后,为首的姑娘总是独唱这样一首歌:要戴银牌要亲手系,要戴珠链要亲友串,要找知心人要亲自选。唱完、闹完之后,便请一位漂亮、能干、相好的妇女给换裙者梳头、戴哈帕:将原来梳在脑后的单辫梳结到前面来,正中分开,在耳后梳成双辫,再戴上哈帕。额前的刘海用少许水打湿抹光,使之整齐发亮,以显示少女情窦初开、秀丽端庄。再佩上艳丽的耳珠,珠光闪烁,更有含羞藏娇、妩媚动人的神态。最后换上蓝、黑等对比强烈的三接拖地长裙,走动起来,步履轻盈,婀娜多姿,充满了青春的美丽与生命的活力。这是最美好的时刻,在场的妇女或姑娘都沉浸在美好的回忆或幸福的向往之中,从而使“沙拉洛”达到高潮。
“沙拉洛”仪式结束后,男子才能参加欢宴。大家席地而坐,愉快地吃着砣砣肉、荞馍和炒面等,开怀畅饮,一醉方休。换裙意味着女子已经成年,可以自由地找情人,谈恋爱。
Dear Dad,
Today is father’s day, for so many years I’ve been seekig a way to express my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me. Here comes it!
Thank you for always being there sharing my life when I need you most. Whenever I encounter difficulties, I never feel alone and vulnerable, because you will keep me on the right path. I’m blessed to have you.
Thank you for offering me education and teaching me how to be a man. You always inspire me not by words, but by what you have done! Your efforts in the work, your loyalty to your friends, your responsibility for the family and your persistence in the life have already set me good examples in my own life.
Thank you for always appreciating my work, no matter how tiny it is! You have made me realize that it’s capacity not scores that really counts.
Dad, I love you and I will love you forever!
Yours beloved,
Li Ming
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