When students finish their high school, most of them will to go study in college, the first thing they do is to choose the major. Choosing the major is a big problem for every college student, not only for Chinese students, but also for the students around the world. Students will face the factors such as their interest is more important or the future of the major worth being first concerned.
当学生读完高中,大部分人会去大学学习,他们要做的第一件事就是选择专业。选择专业是对每个大学生来讲都是件大事,并不仅仅对于中国的学生,对于全世界的学生来说都一样。学生仍然面临着他们的兴趣更重要还是专业的将来更重要的问题。
On the one hand, most parents care about the future of the major. When students decide the major, parents will interfere with their own opinion, they want their children can have a bring future, so they care much about the needed talent of the society. Thus the children can find a promising job and earn more money.
一方面,大部分父母关注专业的未来。当学生选择专业时,父母会干涉,他们想要孩子有一个光明的未来,所以他们很关注社会需要什么样的\'人才。这样孩子可以找到一份有前途的工作,赚更多的钱。
On the other hand, students want to choose the major that they are interested. This is often contradicting with their parents’ opinion. Some students want to learn art, but most parents won’t be allowed it because it is hard for students to find a job. Everyone admits that interest is the first factor, with it, students will feel happy.
另一方面,学生想要选择他们感兴趣的专业。这经常和父母的意见相左。一些学生想要学艺术,但是大部分父母不会同意,因为这很难让学生找到工作。每个人都觉得兴趣是第一个要素,有了兴趣,学生才会感到快乐。
When choosing the major, students should considerate their parents’ opinion, most parents are open-minded, they will respect the kids’ willingness.
当选择专业的时候,学生应该考虑他们父母的意见,大部分父母是开明的,他们会尊重孩子的意愿。
Nowadays,thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, great changes have taken place in countryside. Now let me introduce some changes in details.
如今,由于改革开放政策,在农村发生了巨大变化。现在让我介绍一些具体的变化。
Inthe past, farmers used to live in the huts which were in poor quality. Theywould be destroyed easily in the heavy storm. But nowadays, most farmers havetheir own houses and flats. Some houses are even bigger and more marvelous thanthe ones in the city.
过去,农民们常常住在质量差的小屋。这样的小屋在暴雨中很容易会被破坏。但如今,大多数农民都有自己的房子和公寓。有些房子甚至比城市里的更大、更不可思议。
Inthe past, farmers usually starved to death in disasters, because they hadnothing to eat. But nowadays, farmers can plant many corps to live with or sellthem. No wonder that most of them are wealthy.
在过去,农民通常饿死在灾难中,因为他们没有东西可以吃。但现在,农民可以种植很多庄稼来维持生活或者拿来出售。难怪大部分都是富有的。
Inthe past, farmers were hardly to see the outside world, since they had to trampover the mountains if they wanted to go out. But nowadays, many high ways andtunnels have been built, so it’s convenient for them to go out. Moreover, mostfarmers also have their private cars. Therefore, they can go anywhere theylike.
在过去,农民们很难看看外面的世界,因为如果他们想出去的话,他们不得不徒步翻山越岭。但现在,建立了很多高速公路、隧道,人们出去是很方便的。此外,大多数的农民也有自己的私家车。因此,他们可以去任何他们喜欢的地方。
Inthe past, farmers always suffered from the diseases, because there was nodoctor at all. But nowadays, many hospitals have come into being in countryside, so they can be cured in time.
在过去,农民经常遭受病痛,因为根本就没有医生。但如今,在农村里也有很多医院了,所以他们可以及时得到治愈。
Inthe past, it was difficult for children to study in countryside. Butnowadays, as there are so many schools in countryside, more and morechildren can get a better education.
在过去,农村的孩子很难去上学。但现在,因为在农村有很多学校,越来越多的孩子可以得到更好的教育。
Whata wonderful life in countryside. Maybe countryside will be morethriving than the city in the near future.
在农村的生活是多么美好啊。也许在不久的将来农村会比城市更加繁荣。
一. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
二. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
三. .................................................................................................................................................. 2
四. .................................................................................................................................................. 3
五. .................................................................................................................................................. 8
一简述
1. 当过去分词在句末时,不管有无逗号,都是就近修饰名词;
2.现在分词在句末时,无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语;
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的\'主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrasehaving been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done
避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义就比定语从句简洁还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1修饰前面紧邻的名词,2向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
二.
1、doing/done,SVO 注意分词的逻辑主语与S一致
2、介词/连词+doing/done,SVO 也要注意分词逻辑主语与S一致
3、S,doing/done,V 分词作定语修饰主语(前后一对逗号隔开,相当于定语从句)
注意:如果出现: “名词,doing,名词”,则会有分词前后的修饰歧义,如179DE,245E
4、SVO doing 分词作定语修饰主语,如 96AC,121C,146E,222A,234B,237E
5、SVO,doing
A、分词优先作状语
1)修饰主语(与分词在句首一样,注意逻辑主语),如 33B,39C,44B,120E,163D,256B
2)修饰主句动作,如 78BD,119B,154A,259A
B、其次作定语,但没有定语从句清晰,会有修饰歧义,如 253DE,(“,including”除外 249)
6、SVO done 分词作定语修饰O(同4)
7、SVO,done
A、分词作状语修饰S,如 大全558
B、分词作定语修饰O,如 127A(分词相当于形容词 253A)
some people base on sth是绝对错误的。但是有sb. base sth. on sth.的用法. 三.
1.SVO+doing,无逗号的情况下doing是针对宾语的动作,96AC(OG says : assuring针对主语有问题,121C,146E,222A(OG says: enabling很好的修饰了宾语,234B,237E -------以上证明了ets的偏好,svo+doing修饰主语是模糊的,修饰宾语是清晰的
2.SVO, doing有逗号,33B,39C(Og says:protecting很好的
解释了主语的行为,44B,120E(Og says:错误选项有可能混淆的指代主语而不是逻辑上正确的宾语,163D(Og says:sleeping正确的修饰了主语,256B --------以上证明了在Og中svo,doing的doing多指代主语
3.svo,doing有逗号,78BD(doing指代了前面整个句子的行为,119B(同前,154A(*,259A(同前------------以上证明了Og中svo,doing的doing多指代前面的整个句子
四.例子
产生participle phrases原点是为了to reduce wordiness by replacing longer adverbial or relative clauses,另外要强调的重要讯息不会写成participle phrases,因为分词修饰语属于次等地位(The
modifier is subordinate to the main clause。也就是说A….and B…(A与B一样重要,如果A…V..,B...Ving (就重要性而言A>B
简单一句:分词构句是主要句子的意义延伸。
目前我看到有几种句意:
1. 因果(★★★★★
2. 补述:解释某事(★★★、描述状态并列或伴随(★★、纯举例
participle
phrases如此具困扰性是因为可以改写的来源多
1.由adj. clauses (如who, which开头可改写成分词词组。考题中可分形容词子句限制性、非限制性改分词的考法。
2. 副词子句(有连接词开头的也可改分词词组,所以有因果关系或时间关系,单纯就时间关系看,可以有先后或同时,会有动作是伴随或是并列关系。
3.当三个以上的动词用and相连时,后面的部分也改写成分词(V, Ving... and Ving...。
我看过的说法中,觉得Manhatan GMAT备考网站,里面指导员所讲的分词概念不错,但是他的目的在卖书,所以讲的真的不多。
1.当分词构句放句首,修饰后面句子的主词。前几天看到有人发帖的整理,讲到分词在句首,表示此动作先于主要句子的动作,讲的真好。
2.当分词构句不放在句首时:
if
there's NO COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adjective phrase that modifies the noun immediately
preceding.
if
there's a COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adverb phrase that modifies the action of the preceding
clause.
PS:逗号的产生可能是插入语,遇到插入语可以跳过不看,不代表分词修饰这个插入语。
判断上抓前句的动词与主词,如果用中文想就是「此主体这个动作的行为导致或表示.....」(to modify the action of。而且不可以只有思考主词或动词。 如果遇到前句有数个动词,以找最近的动词为主,譬如V1 to V2,分词构句修饰V2
3.
participle (V-ing after the comma can not modify the subject of the preceding clause's
noun.
這個考「什么情况下不可以改成分词构句?」除了需要有对等连接词的句子,不可改分词构句,因为句意重要性会被改变外,
打逗号的Ving分词,无法修饰逗号之前的名词,所以非限制的形容词子句最好不要改分词Ving构句(有7個考題,但是Ved分词例外(有两个考题。
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