利用教材的开放性、选择性和丰富性,提高教学的适应性。教材中开辟了丰富的阅读、链接等栏目,设计的不同教学案例,提供的多种设计项目,编制的学生可以挑选的练习题和综合实践活动题,设置的“留白”和开放性问题等,增加了教材内容的丰富性、选择性和开放性,提升了教学的适应性。在教学过程中,教师和学生可根据当地资源的实际情况对教材正文之外的内容进行适当的选择和整合。此外,教师要成为教材的建设者,开发适合教学实际的富有地区特色和地方特点的案例或练习。
Ivan came home with a bloody nose and his mother asked, "What happened?"
"A kid bit me," replied Ivan.
"Would you recognize him if you saw him again?" asked his mother.
"I'd know him any where," said Ivan. "I have his ear in my pocket."
伊凡鼻子流着血回到家里。他妈妈问,“发生了什么事?”
“一个男孩咬了我一口,”伊凡说。
“再见到他你能认出来吗?”妈妈问。
“他走到哪里我都能认出他,”伊凡说。“他的耳朵还在我衣兜里呢。”
My cousin lives in the mountain. Every evening, the most beautiful thing there is the charming sunset.
站在阳台上向远处望去,是连绵起伏的.高山,大约5点时,太阳便悄悄地躲到山的背后。
Standing on the balcony, looking into the distance, is a rolling mountain, about 5 o'clock, the sun will quietly hide behind the mountain.
太阳还是那么灿烂,仿佛永远年轻,永远不老似的。渐渐地,太阳变得通红,大地、天空、云彩,也被太阳映得通红。
The sun is still so bright, as if forever young, never old. Gradually, the sun becomes red, and the earth, sky and clouds are also reflected by the sun.
太阳只剩下半边脸了,它仿佛不舍得离去,还想多看看这美丽的东方。
The sun has only half of its face left. It seems to be reluctant to leave. It also wants to see the beautiful East.
I will bee a high school student this September.I am a little bit nervous about it.I have to do well in the high school entrance exam to enter a good high school.I will go to a different school,make new friends.Most of all,I heard that there are much more courses in high school,I will be very busy in studying.I have been visiting a high school,there were many text books and papers on the desks in the class room.But I also saw the students in the high school were very active to join the extracurricular activities after school.They had football and basketball matches,singing conferences,painting and calligraphy exhibitions and so on.So I am looking forward to be a high school student.
今年九月份我就要成为一名高中生了。我有一点紧张。我务必要在中考的时候发挥好才能进入一个好高中。我会去到不一样的学习,交新的朋友。最重要的.是,我听说高中有更加多的科目,我的学习会更加忙了。我以前去参观过一个高中,教室里的课桌上堆满了课本和试卷。但是我也看到了高中生们很活跃参加各种课外活动。有篮球和足球比赛、歌唱会和书画展等等。所以我很期盼成为一名高中生。
Last week,I was so happy,because our class planned to have the activity.All of us felt so excited,we decided to have the picnic on the park.We played some games,the ones who lost the game were punished in some interesting ways.When I got punished,I was asked to ask the stranger to give the cell phone number.I felt so awkward,but I conquered my fear and finished the task.We laughed so happily,we had done so many things that we dared not to do before.We took many pictures and recorded the unforgettable moment.I wish we can have more class activities,it is a good time to promote the munication.
上周,我很高兴,因为我们班有活动计划。我们都感到很兴奋,我们决定出去公园野餐。我们玩一些游戏,输了的人会受到一些搞笑惩罚。当我被惩罚的时候,我被要求问陌生人给手机号码。我感到很尴尬,但是我征服了恐惧,完成了任务。我们笑这么开心,做了很多我们之前不敢做的事情。我们拍了许多照片,记录下了这些难忘的时刻。我期望我们能够有更多的班级活动,这是一个促进沟通的好机会。
为使必修教材更好地适应课堂教学实际,教材内容按照学生的认知规律和“最近发展区”教育理论进行设计。引领学生积极地参与技术学习和设计活动,转变学习方式,让他们自主地建构技术的基本知识和基本方法。
在每节课前认真研读学习目标,指引学生把握学习方向,掌握需要达到的最低学习要求。生动而简洁的导入学习主题内容,通过案例分析、讨论、思考或辩论等栏目,创设学习情境,搭建一个师生间、学生间可以互动的平台。引导学生去理解、分析主题内容,并在理解的'基础上自主地建构技术知识,“同化”学习内容,通过练习中的“做中学”的方式动手实践,实现从“无形”到“有形”的转变,进一步的“消化”和巩固。在每章的最后,通过综合实践活动,将学到的知识、技能、方法综合化,并拓展和延伸,使学生学到的知识、方法、技能“综合化”,实现“顺应”。
同时,教学内容中的实例、设计和项目都应紧贴学生的生活实际,如教材中以每家每户都使用的灯具作为横贯教材的前后内容的一个主要教学载体。由于灯具已经为学生熟悉,所以在教师的引领下,学生可以从现有水平比较容易地完成一个设计任务,达到一个解决设计问题的新水平。
打开新教材,第一个内容就是“技术与人”,它开门见山地呈现了通用技术必修教材以人文为引领的设计思想。技术是人类为了一定的目的而创造的各种调节、改造和控制自然的活动,也是人类实现从认识到实践第二次飞跃的重要过程。马克思关于技术是人与自然中介的思想为我们提供了一条认识技术本质的基本线索。技术因人的需求而产生和发展,同时技术的发展又影响人的观念改变,导致了新技术的产生。人类社会发展和进步过程中的无数事例充分地体现了技术的人文引领。
在教学实施过程中,要冲破从认识工具使用和技能训练出发的传统技术教学的束缚,以人文引领学生进入技术世界、认识技术与人、技术与自然以及技术与社会的关系,让学生立足于更高的平台,有一个更宽广的视野,形成以人为本、技术与自然和谐共处、技术与社会互动发展的新技术观。
要充分运用教材中体现人文精神、人文关怀的技术设计的案例、练习和综合实践活动,注意在人文引领下处理知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观的统一,使学生认识学习技术可以促进人的发展,学好技术可以更好地为人服务,正确地使用技术可以使世界更美好。
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