1:Peoples views onvary from person to person. Some hold thatHowever, others believe that
2:People may have different opinions on
3:Attitudes towards vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards
4:There are different opinions among people as to
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
这双鞋上有黄、粉红、红、蓝这四个微型按钮,你可不要小瞧它们,它们的用处可大着呢!
只要你按下蓝色按钮,鞋子就会变出一双翅膀,你就会像小鸟一样在天空中飞翔,你能看到天空中的任何东西,而且鞋子还会翻译小鸟在说什么呢!
如果你困了,或想做事,你只要按下黄色按钮,你的脸上就会有一层保护膜,不会让你撞到任何人和车子,如果你睡觉时身体弯时,万能鞋子就会把你的身体弄直,免你摔倒。
如果你按下粉红色按钮,万能鞋子会变成一双溜冰鞋,让你滑冰,滑水用的,如果你马上就要摔倒时,万能鞋就会把你的'身子扶起来,免的摔倒。
如果按下红色按钮,万能鞋就会变大变小,我们穿的鞋子穿了一段时间就会变小,不能穿,万能鞋可不会,你只要说,变大,万能鞋就会变大,如果你说变小,万能鞋就会变小,给你的弟弟妹妹穿。
你觉得我的鞋子好吗?
1.淳于髡貌寝志学成辩才 (自信,自强,志学,不可以貌取人,得失)
2,越勾践三千甲败吴 (这个比较通俗,雄心壮志,自强,不畏难,吃苦,抱负远大,以少胜多,不可轻敌(反面来写) 得失)
3,齐宣不疑七人荐 (信任,自信,果敢)
4,端木赐(子贡)纵横七家,存鲁,灭吴,强晋,霸越,乱齐,十年天下局生变。 (辩才,利益,自信,能力,手段,危机,联合)
5,汪曾祺一世悠然不染尘 (宁静淡泊,不喜尘俗,如同林逋)
6,胡适之贤母教习 (女子贤惠才能,环境影响)
7,罗斯福决然新政,邓总理天策改革
8,董仲舒三年不窥园 (好学,专注,毅力,抱负)
9,阮嗣宗(阮籍)竹林七贤话流觞。 (同 陶渊明)
还有一些只有古书上才有记载,网上找不到的,这些要是符合心意,就拿去用吧,不满意我可以再更改的!!
2、坚守你的高贵
300多年前,建筑设计师克里斯托莱伊恩受命设计了英国温泽市的政府大厅。他运用式程力学的知识,依据自己多年的实践,巧妙地设计了只用一根柱子支撑的大厅天花板。一年以后,市政府权威人士进行工程验收时,却说只用一根柱子支撑天花板太危险,要求莱伊恩再多加几根柱子。
莱伊恩自信只要一根坚固的柱子足以保证大厅安全,并列举了相关的实例,他拒绝接受工程验收者的建议。但他的“固执”惹恼了市政官员,险些被送上法庭。莱伊恩非常苦恼:坚持自己原先的主张吧,市政官员肯定会另找人修改设计;不坚持吧,又有悖自己为人的准则。矛盾了很长一段时间,莱伊恩终于想出了一条妙计:他在大厅里增加了四根柱子,不过这些柱子并未与天花板接触,只不过是装装样子糊弄那些愚昧无知却又刚愎自用的市政官员。
300多年过去了,市政官员换了一任又一任,但这个秘密始终没有被人发现。直到前两年,市政府准备修缮大厅的天花板,才发现莱伊恩当年的“弄虚作假”。
消息传出后,世界各国的建筑专家和游客云集该市,他们把这个市政大厅称作是“嘲笑无知的建筑”。当地政府对此也不加掩饰,在新世纪到来之际,特意将大厅作为一个旅游景点对外开放,旨在引导人们崇尚和相信科学。
感悟:能够坚持自己的原则而又不违背政府的规定,这正是为人处世的至高境界。
贝多芬DD我要扼住命运的`咽喉
贝多芬是众所周知的世界著名作曲家。1796年,贝多芬才26岁,就创作了最初3首奏鸣曲。可是痛苦向他扣门了,由于治疗不善,他的耳咽管炎转为慢性中耳炎,听觉越来越衰退。1820年,他的两耳完全失聪,这对听觉要求比别人更完善的作曲家来说,是个多么大的打击啊!
贝多芬没有屈服。他说:“我要扼住命运的咽喉。”为了克服失聪的困难,他就坐在乐队近旁,看乐器演奏和演员歌唱。到了晚年,这个办法也不顶用了。他就用一支小木杆,一端插在钢琴箱里,一端咬在牙齿中间,在作曲时用来“听”音。他一生给人类留下了9部交响曲、32首钢琴奏鸣曲、5部钢琴协奏曲、1部小提琴协奏曲、16部弦乐四重奏等等,为人类创造了巨大的精神财富。
感悟:人是哭着来到这个世界的,这仿佛注定了在今后的生活道路上将遭遇各种困难和折磨。如果比一味追求顺境,就会失去战胜困难的勇气和力量。生长在温室里的花朵是无法抵挡外面的风风雨雨的。还是巴尔这扎克说得好:“苦难对于天才是一块垫脚石,对能***人是一笔财富,对弱者是一个万丈深渊。
没有屈服。他说:“我要扼住命运的咽喉。”为了克服失聪的困难,他就坐在乐队近旁,看乐器演奏和演员歌唱。到了晚年,这个办法也不顶用了。他就用一支小木杆,一端插在钢琴箱里,一端咬在牙齿中间,在作曲时用来“听”音。他一生给人类留下了9部交响曲、32首钢琴奏鸣曲、5部钢琴协奏曲、1部小提琴协奏曲、16部弦乐四重奏等等,为人类创造了巨大的精神财富。
感悟:生长在温室里的花朵是无法抵挡外面的风风雨雨的。还是巴尔这扎克说得好:“苦难对于天才是一块垫脚石,对能***人是一笔财富,对弱者是一个万丈深渊。
In short, it can be said that
第三次课: 分词在句子中的用法
教学目标: 使学生初步了解及在句子使用分词
教学内容:
一、 动名词及不定式作业讲解
二、分词
现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为谓语,现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态,和have一起构成完成时。
例如:
I am reading a novel by Maupassant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)
Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)
The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)
作为非谓语形式,分词可用作形容词和副词,在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。 现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词。
过去分词只有一般式,表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义,因而没有别的被动形式。
例如:
Having failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didn’t want to try again. 他失败了三次,不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)
Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe? 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候,看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)
The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems important. 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。
The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)
I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词,表示“被人理发”。) 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。
例如:
Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火,用手去摸,把手指烫了。
Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙。
(一)现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。换言之,现在分词是它修饰
的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
例如:
convincing facts 有说服力的事实 / convinced audience 被说服了的听众
the exploiting class 剥削阶级 / the exploited class被剥削阶级
a frightening dog一条让人害怕的狗 / a frightened dog一条被吓坏了的狗
driving gears主动齿轮 / driven gears从动齿轮
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
例如:
the rising sun (正在升起的太阳 / the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the falling rain(正在下的雨)/ the fallen leaves(落下的树叶)
stolen money(被盗的钱/偷来的钱)/ill-gotten wealth(不义之财)
a high-flying kite(高飞的风筝)
再看一些例子:
boiling water 沸腾的水/boiled water 开水/developing countries 发展中国家/developed countries 发达国家/an exciting story 令人激动的故事/ excited people 激动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
再看一些例子:
surprising news令人惊讶的消息/a surprised man受惊吓的人/an inspiring leader具有号召力的领袖/the inspired soldiers受到鼓舞的士兵/a delighted speech令人高兴的演说/the delighted audience(感到高兴的听众/a moving film动人的电影/the moved children受到感到的孩子们/a box containing tea装茶叶的盒子/the tea contained in a box装在盒里的茶叶/ falling snow正在下的雪/fallen snow box落在地上的雪
(3)做表语时的不同。现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
例如:
His lecture is disappointing。I’m disappointed。他的演讲令人失望。我感到失望。
We are surprised to hear the news。The news is surprising。我们听到那消息吃了一惊。那消息令人吃惊。
The situation is encouraging。 We’re encouraged。形式使人鼓舞。我们感到鼓舞。
常用的还有:amusing/amused,astonishing/astonished,disappointing/disappointed,exciting/excited,frightening/frightened,interesting interested,moving/moved, relaxing/relaxed,satisfying/satisfied,shocking/shocked,surprising/surprised,terrifying/terrified,tiring/tired,worrying/worried等等。
(4)做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
例如:
Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note。看到没人在家,她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义,几乎同时
The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a speech for the president。秘书工作到晚上很晚,给总统准备一篇演说。(主动意义,同时
Tired of the noise,he closed the window。对噪音感到厌烦,所以他把窗户关上。(被动意义,
在谓语之前
Deeply moved,she thanked me again and again。她深深地受了感动,再三谢我。(被动意义,在谓语之前
Persuade by my mother,she gladly went there alone。在我母亲劝说下,她才高兴地独自去那里。(被动意义,在谓语之前
如果现在分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生,现在分词要用完成形式,但意思仍然是主动的。 例如:
Having watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the Apples。=After they had watered the vegetables,they began to pick up the apples。他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。 Having finished the work,he packed his tools and left。完工后,他收拾起工具走了。 分词做状语时,前面可用连词或介词。
例如:
After eating my dinner quickly,I went to see Jim off。我赶快吃过晚饭就去给吉姆送行。 Though built before the Second World War,the engine is still in good condition。尽管是在二战以前建的,这引擎仍然处于良好状态。
Unless paying by credit card,please pay in cash。如果不用信用卡付款,请用现金付。 Tom will never do this unless compelled。汤姆永远也不会干这种事,除非被逼无奈。 She’s been quite different since coming back from America。从美国回来后,她大变了。
(二)用法
1.作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something,anything,everything,nothing等,则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如:
This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。这是一本有趣的书。
There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。消息中有些有趣的事。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。
Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing?唱歌的学生多数是女生。
Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned?被问的许多村里人都拒绝。
注意:(1)分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别:
分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系,而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。
现在分词 动名词
A sleeping child(a child who is sleeping正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping car(a car for sleeping卧车
A flying bird(a bird that is flying飞鸟 A flying course(a course for flying飞行课程
A swimming girl(a girl who is swimming游泳的女孩 A swimming pool(a pool for swimming游泳池
The running water(the water that is running流水 The running track(the track for running跑道 现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读,动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。
(2)现在分词作定语时,它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生。
例如:
Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?
The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。
如果两个动作在时间上有先后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而往往用主从复合句结构。 例如:
The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。
The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。
(3)be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词。表示这种概念时,也用主从复合句结构。
例如:
He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
例如:
Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room,They stood up。学生们看见老师走进房间,都站了起来。 (时间
Heated,the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间
Being excited,I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ,I couldn’t go to sleep。我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因
Being a student,he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student,he was interested in sports。 他是个学生,所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech,Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞,决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因 The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式
The professor stood there,surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。教授站在那里,许多学生围着他。(行为方式
While reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper,father nodded from time to time。看报时,父亲不时地点头。(时间(分词前,可加表示时间的连词while或when。
3、作宾语补足语。
例如:
Can you get the machine going again?你能使机器再动起来吗?
You should have your hair cut。你该理发了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看见他来了。
4、作表语。
例如:
The film is very moving。这部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作业做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.参观者看上去很惊讶。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看见孩子们在草地上散步。
5、作句子独立成分(分词有自己的逻辑主语时,称为独立主格结构。)
例如:
Flags flying,the army men marched in the streets。旗帜飘扬,军队在街上行进。
All his ribs broken,he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折断,半死不活地躺着。
分词(短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作,它们之间是主动关系
Given more attention,the trees could have grown better。如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。(过去分词given表示的动作是句子主语the trees承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系
We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide。我们到那山洞探险,彼得做向导。 (独立主格 The train having gone,we had to wait another day。分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but,and,因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。
例如:
误:Having been told many times,but he still couldn’t understand it。
正:He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it。
注意:(1)分词作状语时,逻辑主语即句子的主语;否则要用从句或独立主格结构来表示。 例如:
Looking out of the window,I saw lots of people there。(=When I looked out of the window,I saw lots of people there。
我往窗外一看,看见那儿有许多人。 (looking out of the window的逻辑主语,就是句子的主语I。
(2)在see,hear,watch,notice等动词后,用动词不定式作宾语补语,通常表示(强调动作从开始到结束的全过程。如果用现在分词作宾语补语,则通常表示动作正在进行。 例如:
We sat two hours and watched the teacher make the experiment。我们坐了两个小时,看老师做实验。(两小时一直在看老师做实验
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher making the experiment。我们走过教室,看见老师在做实验。(只是在走过教宰的一刹那间,看见老师正存做实验
I saw him enter the room, unlock a drawer, take out a document, photograph it and put it back。我看见他走进房间,打开抽屉,拿出一份文件,拍了照又放回去(表示一个接一个的一系列动作的全过程时,用动词不定式。
一位富翁在非洲狩猎,经过三个昼夜的周旋,一匹狼成了他的猎物。在向导准备剥下狼皮时,富翁制止了他,他想救活这匹狼。这已不是富翁第一次来这里狩猎,可是从来没像这一次给他如此大的触动。
狩猎时,这匹狼被他追到一个近似于“丁”字的岔道上,正前方是迎面包抄过来的向导,他也端着一把枪,狼夹在中间。当时富翁很不明白,狼为什么不选择岔道逃掉,而是迎着向导的枪口扑过去,准备夺路而逃。难道那条岔道比向导的枪口更危险吗?狼在夺路时被捕获,它的臀部中了弹。面对富翁的迷惑,向导说:“埃托沙地区的狼是一种很聪明的动物,它们知道只要夺路成功,就有生的希望。而选择没有的岔道,必定死路一条,因为那条看似平坦的路上必有陷阱。这是它们在长期与猎人周旋中悟出的道理。”富翁听了向导的话,非常震惊。
据说,那匹狼最后救治成功,如今在埃托禁猎公园里生活,所有的生活费用由那位富翁提供。因为富翁感激它告诉大家这么一个道理:在这个互相竞争的社会里,真正的陷阱会伪装成机会,真正的机会也会伪装成陷阱。
温馨提示:“在这个互相竞争的社会里,真正的陷阱会伪装成机会,真正的机会也会伪装成陷阱”,这句话告诉我们:陷阱与机会是相伴的,而且机会往往善于伪装,要抓住机会必须铲除伪装的陷阱。本句适用于“机会”、“人生”、“奋斗”、“生命”等作文话题。
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