非谓语动词系列训练(二)
一:在句子意思不变的情况下用分词或不定式改写下列句子:
1.Whenhesawfromthetopofthemountain,heviewedabeautifulcity.
-----___________fromthetopofthemountain,heviewedabeautifulcity.(用分词
2.Whenitwasseenfromtheofthemountain,thecitylookslikeagarden.(用分词------_____________fromtheofthemountain,thecitylookslikeagarden.city.(用分词
3.Whenhewasaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.
-------When________whyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.(用分词
4.DoyouknowtheboywhoknowsJapanese?
-----Doyouknowtheboy___________Japanese?(用分词
5.DoyouknowtheboywhoiscalledTom.
----Doyouknowtheboy________Tom.-(用分词
6.Thisisthemanwhoorganizedtheactivity.
Thisistheman________________theactivity.(用分词
7.Hefollowedhisstudentsandcamein.
------Hecamein,____________hisstudents(用分词
8.Hecameinandwasfollowedbyhisstudents
-----Hecamein,____________byhisstudents(用分词
9.Thewomanwhowasdressedinablueskirtdeliveredaspeechtous.
----Thewoman_____________inablueskirtdeliveredaspeechtous.(用分词
10.Becauseheisaphysicist,hecouldwellexplainedhowtodotheresearch.
----_______aphysicist,hecouldwellexplainedhowtodotheresearch.(用分词
11.Hewasbornonthe18thofJanuary,1979inTaiwan,andhewasraisedbyhismotherandwasshyandquietduringhischildhood.
-----____________onthe18thofJanuary,1979inTaiwan,andhewasraisedbyhismotherandwasshyandquietduringhischildhood.(用分词
12.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunlessitiswateredeveryday.
---Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless____________everyday.(用分词
13.Whenwewerewalkingdogs,wecameacrossafamousprofessor.
------When____________dogs,wecameacrossafamousprofessor.(用分词
14.Hedonatedover10billiondollarsinorderthathecouldsponsoreducation,culture,sports,andpublicwelfareintheearth-strickenarea.
-----Hedonatedover10billiondollars_____________education,culture,sports,andpublicwelfareintheearth-strickenarea.(用不定式
15Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,heplayedthepiano.
-----____________hishomework,heplayedthepiano.
16.Afterthebridgehadbeencompleted,itwentthroughahardtimebecauseofthebadweather.
----______________________,itwentthroughahardtimebecauseofthebadweather.
17ItissaidthatBellinventedthetelephone.
18.Bellissaid__________thetelephone.(用不定式
19.Idon’tdecidewhatIshoulddo.
Idon’tdecidewhat__________(用不定式
20.Ithappenedthathehadbeeninvited
----Hehappened_____________
21.Hewassoyoungthathecouldnotgotoschool.Hewastooyoung__________toschool.
22.Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.
-----Thetest__________,webeganourholiday.(用独立主格结构
23.Astimegoesby,hebecomsawareofit.
Withtime________by,hebecomesawareofthesignificantofit.
24.Themoon,whichtravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,isanaturalsatelliteoftheearth.
----Themoon,___________roundtheearthonceeverymonth,isanaturalsatelliteoftheearth.
25.Thoughhehadbeentoldseveraltimes,hedidn’tunderstandme.
-----_______severaltimes,hedidn’tunderstandme.
26.Aftertheproblemwassolved,hetookarest.
----Withtheproblem____________,hetookarest.
27.Iftimepermits,wewill
28.Helaythere,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.
---Helaythere,hishand_______,hiseyeslookingstraightup
29.IoncereadabookcalledMan,WomanandChild,whichenabledmetounderstandtheloveinafamily.
------IoncereadabookcalledMan,WomanandChild,______________metounderstandtheloveinafamily.(用分词
30.Therearemanyplacesofinterest,amongwhichistheYunjimountain,whosesceneryisverybeautiful,whichattractslotsoftouristsfromdifferentplaceseveryyear.
------Therearemanyplacesofinterest,amongwhichistheYunjimountain,whosesceneryisverybeautiful,____________lotsoftouristsfromdifferentplaceseveryyear.(用分词
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
therewasnodoctoravailable.(only
,playingcardsathomeortakingawalkinthepark?(spend
.(think
包括三名儿童).(child
5.根据他的话判断),hedidwellinhisexam.(judge
theTangDynasty.(date
7.Thisisanarticle(由五部分组成)fiveparts.(consist
fiveparts.(make
assoonaspossible.(solve
boredalotoffanstodeath.(concern
,lcannotobjecttoyourmarriage.(concern
子)atschool?(keep)
(躲在木箱里)behindthedoor.(hide
,wehadtowalkhomelastnight.(be.
inthebroaddaylightyesterday.(rob
(满是脚印).(mark
(石油价格上涨),theeconomyofthatcountryisslowingdown.(go
18.Whenthenationalflagisbeinghoisted,allthestudentsstandatattention,.(fix
him,Idecidedtowriteagain.(hear
20.Hedoesn’tseemtomindbyothers.(make
nextweekisofgreatimportance.(hold
isveryimportant.(hold
isofgreatimportance.(hold
theThirdWorld.(belong
(致力于研究),theprofessorpaidlittleattentiontohissurroundings.(devote
inthemorning.(come
(为了确保那孩子尽快康复),fivedoctorstookturnslookingafterhimdayandnight.(ensure
,theoldmanstruggledtohisfeet.(help
,theparentsweretakentothediningroom.(show)
(.support)
.(drop)
,Iamnotfamiliarwiththiskill.(tell
(为了不被注意)byothers.(notice
三:合并下列句子
1.Theannualschoolsportsmeetingwasheldyesterday.Itpresentedamarvelousopeningceremony.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Aftertheopeningceremony,wesatinthebaseofourclass.Wewaitedpatientlyforthebeginningoftherace.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.Someofmyclassmatesworkveryhard,andtheyhopetofulfilltheirdream.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4..MyfriendChristinetookpartinthe800-meterrace.Shehadreceivedtrainingmanytimes,soshekeptcalmbeforetherace.After400meters,thoughshelookedtired,shestilltriedherbesttorun.Wescreamedandbeatthedrumwhenwesawshepassedby.Shewonthemedal,andwewereproudofit.(把短文中的从句或并列句改成非谓语动词
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
四:语篇填空用所给动词的适当形式填空。(一)
Freudwasoneofthefirstscientists[1]_________(make)seriousresearchofthemind.Themindisthecollectionofactivities[2]_________(base)inthebrainthatinvolvehowweact,think,feelandreason.Heusedlongtalkswithpatientsandthestudyofdreams[3]___________(search)forthecausesofmentalandemotionalproblems.Healsotriedhypnosis(催眠.Hewantedtoseeif[4]________(put)patientsintoasleep-likeconditionwouldhelpease
[5]________(trouble)minds.Inmostcaseshefoundtheeffectsonlytemporary.Freudworkedhard,althoughwhathedidmightsoundeasy.Hismethodinvolved[6]________(sitwithhispatientsand[7]________(listen)tothemtalk.Hehadthem[8]________(talk)aboutwhatevertheywerethinking.Allideas,thoughtsandanythingthatenteredtheirmindhadto
[9]___________(express).Therecouldbeno[10]________(hold)backbecauseoffearorguilt.基础写作:最近,你就读的学校——广东实验中学高中部将举办开放日。你将作为学校的
学生代表向前来参观的英语老师介绍高中校区的基本情况,请准备好你的解说词,文章的开头和结尾已为你写好。(学会用非谓语动词表达)
?位置交通:位于广州市西部,荔湾区;出行便利,步行到地铁站约10分钟。?学校历史:逾120年的悠久历史;现高中校区于2004年竣工并投入使用。?校园环境:占地面积约125,000平方米;植物繁茂,绿树成荫,环境优美。?校园设施:课室宽敞明亮,配备齐全;拥有标准运动设施,
其中综合体育馆可用于举办比赛、会议和典礼。
?师生情况:目前学生约3000人,教师约200人;全体师生正在
为学校更美好的明天共同奋斗。
?【写作要求】
?只能用5个句子表达全部内容。?【评分标准】?句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
Goodmorning,teachers!WelcometoGuangdongExperimentalHighSchool!.....
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
非谓语动词练习答案
1.Seeing2.Seen(原句有误,请改成Whenitwasseenfromthetopofthemountain,thecityisbeautiful(用分词3.asked4.knowing5.called6.organizing7.following8.followed9.dressed10.Being11.Born12.watered13.walking14.tosponsor15.Havingfinished16.Havingbeencompleted1718..tohaveinvented
19.todo20.tohavebeeninvited21.togo22finished23.going24.travelling25.HavingbeentoldTold26.solved27.permitting28.clenched29.enabling30.attracting
二:非谓语动词完成句子练习
Keys:
1.onlytobetold(that2.tospendyourspare/freetime
3.thinkingabout4.includingthreechildren/threechildrenincluded
5.Judgingfrom/byhiswords/whathesaid
6.datingbackto/from(whichdatesbackto/from
7.consistingof/whichconsistsof
8.madeupof/whichismadeupof9.tosolvetheproblem
10.concerningthefootballmatch11.As/SofarasIamconcerned
12.(inkeepingfivechildren13.hiddeninawoodenbox
14.Therebeingnobus15.tohavebeenrobbed
16.Seenfromthetopof17.Seeingfromthetopof
18.Tosee19.markedwithfootprints
20.thepriceofoilgoingup21.fixedon/uponthenationalflag
22.with(bothhishandstied23.Nothavingheardfrom
24.(hisbeingmadefunof25.tobeheld
一、模仿例句写句子。
1、Howmuchwasabunchofflowers?Itwas8yuan.
(cherries,dolly(oranges,yuan
2、Howmuchwasaloafofbread?Itwas1dolly.
(apairofsunglasses,15
(knives,21
3、Where'stheshoppingmall?It'sacrossfromthepark.
(school,shoppingmall
(bus,stop,zoo
4、Whyishescared?Becauseheheardanoise.
(she,tired,stayuplate
(they,excited,getakitten
5、Whereareyouat3:30?Iwasatthefair.
(he,home(she,school
6、Wheretheyatthetoystore?Yes,theywere.
(he,zoo,no(you,work,yes
What'swrongwithyou?Ihadtoomuchcola.
friendjuice
7、Whatwasshedoing?Shewasdiggingahole.
(you,laugh,loudly
8、Whatdidshebugattheshop?Sheboughtacanofcola.
cartonofmilk
9、Where'sthehospital?It'snexttothepark.
(park,zoosalon
10、Whyissheupset?Becauseshegotpoorgrade.
(yourmother,breakherglasses
11、Wherewasheyesterdayaftenoon?Hewasatthemall.
(she,7:30(they,11:00
12、Whywashescared?Becauseheheardanoise.
(she,seeasnake(yourfriend,seeawolf
13、Whathappened?Hemissedthebus.
thegame
(they,havesomecottoncandy
14、Whathappened?Shecaughtacold.
(yoursisters,havefunwithfriends
(yourbrothers,seeasnake
15、Whyareyouupset?BecauseIgotagoodgrade.
(scared,hearanoise
Ⅰ单项选择
1.thehouseonfire,hedialed119.
A.ToseeB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Beingseen
2.Ifelldownandbrokethreeofmyteeth.IwonderhowmanytimesIhavetocomehereandgetmyfalseteeth.
A.fixB.fixingC.fixedD.tofix
3.We'retolistentoher_voice.It'stohearhersing.
A.pleased;pleasing;pleasureB.pleased;pleasant;apleasure
C.pleasing;pleased;apleasureD.pleasing;pleasant;pleasure
4.somestamps.
A.Passed,buyingB.Passing,tobuyC.Havingpassed,buyD.Pass,tobuy
5.withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.
A.ComparingB.TocompareC.ComparedD.Havingcompared
6.Herearesomenewcomputerprogramsforhomebuildings.
A.designingB.designC.designedD.todesign
7.alittlemoney,Jimmywasabletobuyhismotheralovelynewlamp.
A.TosaveB.SavingC.SavedD.Havingsaved
8.Theteachercameintotheclassroombyhisstudents.
A.followingB.tobefollowingC.followedD.havingfollowed.
9.Withthemoney,hecouldn'tbuyanyticket.
A.toloseB.losingC.lostD.haslost
10.Therewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimself.
A.beingheardB.hearingC.heardD.hear
11.Theresultofthetestwasrather.
A.disappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.disappoint
12.I'veneverheardthewordinspokenEnglish.
A.useB.usedC.usingD.touse
13.howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.
A.NottoknowB.NotknowingC.KnowingnotD.Notknown
14.Deeply,Ithankedheragainandagain.
A.beingmovingB.movedC.movingD.tobemoved
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15.Withwinteron,it'stimetobuywarmclothes.
A.cameB.comesC.comeD.coming
16.theoffice,theforeignvisitorswereshownroundtheteachingbuilding.
A.HavingshownB.ShowingC.HasshownD.Havingbeenshown
17.Hewentfromdoortodoor,wastepapersandmagazines.
A.gatheringB.gatheredC.gatherD.beinggathered
18.Thestudentcorrectedhispapercarefully,theprofessor'ssuggestions.
A.followB.followingC.followedD.beingfollowed
19.Thepricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.
A.reduceB.reducingC.reducedD.reduces
20.Peopleinthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.
A.liveB.toliveC.livedD.living
21.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn'tmakehispoint
A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood
22.Thescientistswerewaitingtoseetheproblem
A.settleB.settledC.tosettleD.settling
23.Thelibrary'sstudyroomisfullofstudentsfortheexam.
A.busilypreparedB.busypreparingC.busilyprepareD.arebusilypreparing
24.Thegroundiswithleaves.
A.covering,fallingB.covered,fallingC.covered,fallenD.covering,fallen
25.Lessonseasilyweresoonforgotten.
A.tolearnB.learnC.learnedD.learning
26.Thewalletseveraldaysagowasfoundinthedustbinoutsidethebuilding.
A.stolen,hiddenB.stealing,hidingC.stealing,hiddenD.stolen,hiding
27.Apersonaforeignlanguagemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguageown.
A.tolearn,toforgetB.learning,toforgetC.tolearn,forgettingD.learning,forgetting
28.differentkindsofpianos,theworkersfartherimprovedtheirquality.
A.ToproduceB.BeingproducedC.ProducedD.Havingproduced
29.Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcoursesadegree.
A.comingtoB.goingtoC.leadingtoD.turningto
30.Manythingsimpossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.
A.considerB.consideringC.consideredD.beconsidered
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31.manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstand.
A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehavingbeentoldD.telling
32.Theoldsickladyenteredthehospital,hertwosons.
A.tosupportB.supportingC.supportedbyD.havingsupported
33.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,9.6millionsquarekilometres.
A.tocoverB.coveredC.coversD.covering
34."Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsatthemanincharge
oftheinformationoffice.
A.discussed,staredseriouslyB.beingdiscussed,seriouslystaring
C.tobediscussed,seriouslystaredD.discussed,stared
35.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added
36."Canyouread?"Marysaidtothenotice.
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing
37.thecomposition,Johnhandedittotheteacherandwentoutoftheroom.
A.WritingB.HavingwrittenC.WrittenD.Beingwritten
38.Wereyouwhenyousawthatwildanimal?
A.frightB.frighteningC.frightenedD.frighten
39.Properlywithnumbers,thebookscanbeeasilyfound.
A.markedB.markC.tomarkD.marking
40.Thechildsatinthedentist'schair.
A.trembleB.tremblingC.trembledD.totrembled
41.Atthismomentthebellrang
A.announceB.announcingC.announcedD.toannounce
42.Hewalkeddownthehills,softlytohimself.
A.singB.singingC.sungD.tosing
43.Ihadtoshouttomakemyselfabovethenoise.
A.heardB.hearingC.heardD.tohear
44.Thegraduatingstudentsarebusymaterialfortheirreports.
A.collectB.tocollectC.collectedD.collecting
45.ThecarsinBeijingareasgoodasthoseinShanghai.
A.produce,produceB.produced,produced
C.produced,producingD.producing,producing
46.WhenIcamein,IsawDr.Liapatient.
A.examineB.examiningC.toexamineD.examined
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47.asatisfactoryoperation,thepatientrecoveredfromillnessveryquickly.
A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven
48.asatisfactoryoperation,thedoctorbelievedthepatientwouldrecoverfromhisillness
verysoon.
A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven
49.HewrotealettertomethathistriptoJapanhadbeenputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
A.informB.informingC.informedD.beinginformed
50.Hereadsnewspaperseverydaytokeephimself__aboutwhat'sgoingonintheworld.
A.informB.informingC.informedD.beinginformed
Ⅱ.用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.Shecaughtthestudent(cheatinexams.
2.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhim(repairfarmtools.
3.WhenIgotthere,Ifoundthefarmtools.(repair
4.Justthenheheardsomeone
5.Heworkedsohardthathegothispay
6.Themissingboyswerelastseen(playneartheriver.
7.His__________(frightenexpressionmadehiswife__________(surprise.
8.Theworkershadthemachines(runallnightlongtofinishtheworkontime.
9.Peopleinthesouthhavetheirhouses(makeofbamboo.
10.(loseinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
Ⅲ.改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1.Gentlemenalwaysshakehands
2.Acoldrainwasfalling.
3.Theoldmanwalkedslowly.
4.Theground
5.Thereisatalltree
改写句子
改写句子:侧重于改变原句的形式。句式的改变或要求的其他形式的改变。
常见的考题类型:
1、把字句和被字句
2、反问句与陈述句
3、直述句与转述句(及直接引语与间接引语)
4、扩句、缩句
5、双重否定句与肯定句
6、将句子改成感叹句、拟人句、夸张句、比喻句
7、用关联词把两个句子合并成一个句子
8、将原句用上文明用语
改写句子的类型和方法:
一、陈述句与反问句互改
一般来说,做陈述句与反问句的互改时,有几句口诀:
1、反问句改成陈述句:
(1)去掉疑问词
(如:难道、吗、怎么、呢……);
(2)有“不”去“不”,无“不”加“不”
(如:字典不正是我无声的朋友和老师吗?改成:字典正是我无声的朋友和老师。);
(3)把“?”改成“。”
2、陈述句改成反问句:
(1)加上疑问词
(如:难道、吗、怎么、呢……);
(2)有“不”去“不”,无“不”加“不”
(如:功课没做完,不能去看电影。改成:功课没做完,怎么能去看电影呢?);
(3)把“。”改成“?”
二、缩句
缩写句子就是去掉修饰、限制和补充说明的成分,保留主要成分,(即谁干什么?什么是什么?什么怎么样?)但不改变句子的主要意思。
缩写句子是有技巧和方法的:
1、“的”前的修饰都删去
2、“地”前的限制要删去
3、“得”后的补充说明删去
如“海力布着急得没办法。”中“没办法”是对“着急”的程度进行补充说明的,它也要删去。这句话缩写为“海力布着急。”
4、方位词语删去
如:“在……上”“在……里”“在……中”等。
5、时间词语删去
如:“有一天”、“……的时候”、“……的一天”等。
6、数量词语照样删
7、“着、了、过”不能删
8、抓住主干来缩简
句子的主干,即“谁干什么?”“什么是什么?”“什么怎么样?”
三、引述句(直接引语)和转述句(间接引语)的互换
1、标点符号的改变
引述句改为转述句,冒号和引号要改为逗号。转述句改引述句,要加上冒号和引号。
感叹号、问号改成句号。
2、感叹词(啊、呢、呀、吧、嗨、唉、呦……)去掉
表示程度的词“多、真、太”改成“很、十分、非常”。
3、人称的变化
①引述句改为转述句时,把“我”改为“他”或“她”。
把“你”改成听话人的名字或“我”。
②转述句改为引述句时,把“他”或“她”改为“我”,
听话人的名字改成“你”。
句中的“他”一定是指说话的那个人。引号外的人称(就是说话人)不能改变
3、提示语在中间或在句末的句子,把提示语调整到句首可按以上方法进行改动。
如:
①“……。”×××说,“我……。”
②“……。”×××对×××说。
以上两种形式都应变成:×××说:“……。”
4、句型的变化:
①原本的疑问句变陈述句,改成“是否……,是不是……,不知道……,有没有……,为什么……”等句型。②原来是祈使句(即让“别人”干某事的句型)则要在“别人”前面加上“让、命令、指挥、请、叫”等词。
5、要改变的词:
原句中的“这、这里、这儿、这些、这个”等要改成“那、哪里、那些、那儿”等。
原句中的“来”要改成“去”。
改句分清句子成分:
从句法结构的关系意义出发,对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法叫句子成分分析法,
即用各种方法标出基本成分(主语、谓语、宾语)和次要成分(状语、补语)。
句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
汉语句子成分口诀:
主谓宾、定状补,主干枝叶分清楚。
定语必居主宾前,谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前,逗号分开心有数。
四、修改病句:
1、常见病句类型:
(1)用词不当。如:狮子是一种猛烈的动物。
(2)搭配不当。如:战士们冒着大雨和泥泞继续前进。
(3)成分残缺。如:我们要学习白求恩毫不利已,专门利人。
(4)重复罗嗦。如:他经常一贯保持艰苦朴素的作风。
(5)自相矛盾。如:他笑嘻嘻的脸上露出了严肃的神情。
(6)词序混乱。如:厂长介绍了许多陈师傅的先进事迹。
(7)指代不明。如:小强和小明放学了,他告诉他作业已做完了。
(8)分类不当。如:菜市场里有冬瓜、西瓜、苦瓜等许多蔬菜。
(9)不合情理。如:一串红在春风中微笑。
2、怎么样修改病句:
(1)认真地读原句,弄清楚句子要表达的是什么意思。
(2)找出有毛病的地方,根据病因修改,不能改变原句的意思
(3)再读改后的句子,看句子是否完整、通顺、合情理。
五、双重否定句。
常见的句式如:“不能不”“不得不”“不是不”
“无不”
“没有??不??”
“没有??否认??”
“非??不
可??”等。
六、常见的几种关联词。
1、并列关系;既??又??;不是??而是??;
2、因果关系;因为??所以??;??之所以;
3、条件关系;只要??就??;只有??才??;
无论??都??;不管??总??
4、转折关系;虽然??但是??;尽管??还是
5、假设关系;如果??就??;即使??也??;
6、选择关系;不是??就是??;是??还是??;缩写句子
一、缩写句子:就是去掉句子中起修饰、限制作用的“枝叶”,保留使句子意思完整的“主干”部分,把句子变成一个最简单的句子。
换句话说,“主干”就是把所有的定语、状语、补语都压缩了之后余下的部分。
缩写句子就是把结构比较复杂的句子,去掉其修饰、限制和补充说明的成分,保留主要成分,但不改变句子的主要意思。缩写句子的训练,可以让我们更清楚地认识句子的基本结构,更好地理解和掌握句子的主要意思。
二、缩句的对与错,优与劣的标准:
一是不改变原句的意思。
二是不改变原句的结构。“凶恶的敌人被英勇的红军消灭了”如果缩为“红军消灭了敌人”就不行。
三是不留下多余的枝叶。如把“精彩的表演在热烈的掌声中结束”缩为“表演在掌声中结束”就多了“在掌声中”这个枝叶。
四是缩写后仍然是句子。
三、缩句的要求:
1.缩句后主要成分必须是词或词组
例如:“大熊猫贪婪地吃着鲜嫩的竹叶。”不能缩成“熊猫吃叶”,而应缩成“大熊猫吃着竹叶”。
因为“大熊猫”和“竹叶”是完整的概念,“熊猫”和“大熊猫”的外延并不一致。“叶”在这里是语素而不是词,“竹叶”才是词。
2.保留必要的成分
例如:“我班先进学生经常主动热情地帮助后进学生”。如果缩成:“学生帮助学生”则意思模糊,只能缩成“先进学生帮助后进学生”。
保留了“先进”和“后进”两个附加成分,意思就清楚明确了。
3.“着”、“了”、“过”要保留“着”字用在动词后面表示动作正在进行
如:“同学们上着课”,如果缩成“同学们上课”,就没说清楚是现在上课还是以前上课。“了”字用在动词后面表示动作已经完成。
如:“赵老师给我们上了一堂难忘的科学课。”应当缩成“赵老师上了科学课。”若缩成“赵老师上课。”是正
在上,还是上完了?不知道。“过”字用在动词后面表示动作已经过去。
如:“我曾经游览过美丽的`桂林。”如果缩成“我游览桂林。”是正在游览,还是曾经游览?没有说清楚。由此可见,谓语后面的“着”、“了”、“过”不能去掉的。
4.复指成分应完整地保留
例如:“我们应当遵守自己过去许下的诺言。”应当缩成“我们遵守自己的诺言”。若缩成“我们遵守诺言。”意思是不完整的。
5.表示方位的词组应该完整地去掉
例如:“我们在清澈的河水里游泳。”应当缩成“我们游泳。”不能缩成“我们在游泳”,
此外,像“在……下”、“在……里”“在……外”“在……中”等句子中表示方位的词组作状语时,都不能保留“在”字,应该同后面的状语一起完整地去掉。
6.补语的处理
首先,动词谓语后面的补语一般应保留中心词;
其次,形容词后面的补语一般删去。
如“发表后的张小南高兴得跳起来”,可缩成“张小南高兴”。
7.不改变句子的语气
句子的语气不能改变,如“莫非他想在这里安安稳稳地睡上半天吗?”应缩成“莫非他想睡吗?”
四、缩句的常见情况及应对技巧:
缩写句子常连带扩写,仿写和修改句子考查。
1.缩句常出现的有两种情况:
第一种,去掉全部枝叶,只保留主干。如:“精彩的表演在一片热烈的掌声中结束。”缩为:“表演结束”。第二种,去掉大部分枝叶,保留主干和小部分枝叶。
保留的枝叶有:
①否定句中的否定词。
如“我绝对不同意你的这种无理要求”。缩为“我不同意你的要求”。“不”必须保留。
②“把”字句和“被”字句中的“把”和“被”以及它们连带的重要词语。
如:他把我漂亮的水杯带来了。缩为他把我的水杯带来了。把修饰词去掉,谁:他,干什么:把我的水杯带来了。
③疑问句子中表达疑问的词语要保留。
如“五年级的运动员为什么会在运动会上夺走了好几项冠军呢?”缩为“运动员为什么夺走了冠军呢?”
2.缩句步骤:
a.弄懂句子的意思;
b.找出主要部分,谁是什么;谁干什么;谁怎么样;
c.检查对错优劣。是否缩写成了最简单的句子,是否保留了句子的主干。
3.缩句方法:
①分辨句式,提出问题。
先看看这句话是写人还是写景物的,然后可以提出“主”“谓”“宾”来找出句子的主要部分。
如:“满头白发的老奶奶拄着拐杖,焦急而又耐心地等待着周总理的灵车。”
这是一个长句,我们就可以提问:主——老奶奶;谓——等待灵车。缩句后就成为:“老奶奶等待着灵车。”又如:“这毛茸茸的在地上流动着的小绒球原来是刚孵出来的小鸡。”
我们可提问:主——小绒球;谓——是小鸡。缩句后就成为:“小绒球是小鸡。”
②进行词语比较,找出主要词语。
有些句子很长,修饰的部分较多,我们就要在几个词语中选出主要的,才能正确地缩句。
如“工人宿舍前的草地上开满了五颜六色的野花。”
因为“野花”只能开在“草地上”。所以“草地上”是主要词,而“工人宿舍前”是修饰“草地”的。③如果是否定句缩句,就要把否定词一起写出来,否则就会改变句意。
如“我不相信他那种骗人的鬼话。”应缩成“我不相信鬼话”,而不能缩成“我相信鬼话”。④将形容词,修饰词删去。
五、缩写句子练习:
1.打柴的孩子吃力地背着满满一背篼柴火。
2.雄伟的大坝凝聚着人民群众的热情。
3.我们在道边高声诵读凿在石壁上的古人的题句。
4.北京自然博物馆的古生物大厅里,陈列着一具大象的骨架。
5.巨大的吊车轻松自如地提起千斤重物。
6.像炸弹头的震捣器发出“嗡嗡”的吼声。
7.微风吹拂着千万条才展开嫩叶的柳丝。
8.将军的脸色顿时严峻起来。
9.冻僵的老战士神态十分镇定。
10.一位船员在一所普通的乡村小学上了一节他终生难忘的语文课。
我有办法称出大象的重量。
我难道没有办法称出大象的重量吗?
我不可能没有办法称出大象的重量。
为了避免暴露,他们决定暂时断绝通讯联系。
难道为了避免暴露,他们不决定暂时断绝通讯联系吗?
为了避免暴露,他们决定暂时断绝通讯联系。
我听说李晓为了帮助一位盲人昨天很晚才回家。
我难道没有听说李晓为了帮助一位盲人昨天很晚才回家吗?
我不是没有听说李晓为了帮助一位盲人昨天很晚才回家。
(2)把下面的句子改写成肯定句
如果现在的人看见月缺花残还要下泪,那不能不说他是个糊涂虫。
如果现在的人看见月缺花残还要下泪,那他是个糊涂虫。
每一个访问埃及的`外国人,怎会不去看一看金字塔呢?
每一个访问埃及的外国人,会去看一看金字塔。
我暗暗叮嘱自己,这两天非要给他们姐弟俩买到两张电影票不可。
我暗暗叮嘱自己,这两天一定要给他们姐弟俩买到两张电影票。
(3)把下列两句话合成一句话
我请马老师。马老师讲故事。
我请马老师讲故事。
渔夫叫桑娜。桑娜去抱西蒙的孩子。
渔夫叫桑娜去抱西蒙的孩子。
老板娘叫我。我收拾一条鱼。
老板娘叫我收拾一条鱼。
同学们选举他。他当少先队员代表。
同学们选举他当少先队员代表。
妈妈买补品。补品送给奶奶。
妈妈买补品送给奶奶。
(4)把下面的反问句改写成陈述句
大家都能办到的事,难道我就不能办到吗?
大家都能办到的事,我也能办到吗。
雷锋精神怎么会过时呢?
雷锋精神不会过时。
知识是无止境的,我们有什么理由骄傲自满,故步自封呢?
知识是无止境的,我们没有理由骄傲自满,故步自封。
冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
冬天来了,春天就不会远了。
2、炽热的阳光强烈地照射着广袤大地上的生命。(改写成比喻句)
3、绿色的草原上,白色的绵羊慢慢地走着。(改写成拟人句)
4、春风一吹,柳树的枝条随风摆动。(改写成拟人句)
5、临近期末了,同学们尽全力投入到复习中去。(改写成双重否定句)
6、六年朝夕相处的学习生活,全班同学都铭记在心。(改写成双重否定句)
7、办公室的同志对我说:“经理让我叫你过去开会。”(改写成转述句)
8、王芳通知我:“傍晚去老师办公室取回你和我的书。”(改写成转述句)
9、寒冷的冬天已经来了,春天不会远了。(改写成反问句)
10、对班级中的违纪现象,我们不能不闻不问。(改写成反问句)
11、听了他的英雄事迹,使我感动得流泪。(修改病句)
12、八国联军侵略我国的.时候,烧毁并洗劫了北京的圆明园。(修改病句)
13、去年我国是世界上石油输出最多的国家之一。(修改病句)
14、雅鲁藏布大峡的发现是我国几代科学家辛勤努力的结果。(缩句)
15、伶俐可爱的小燕子一直停在细细的电线上。(缩句)
16、那是一件由她的母亲一针一线亲手缝制出来的棉袄。(缩句)
模仿例句写句子
一、Model1:Who’sshe?She’smygrandmother.
1._____________________________________________________(he,grandfather
2.____________________________________________________(they,myfriends
Model2:She’smygrandmother.
1._______________________________________________(he’s,grandfather
2._______________________________________________(they’re,friends
二、Model:Areyoutall?Yes,Iam.
1._____________________________________________________(thirsty,yes
2._____________________________________________________(short,no
三、Model1:CanIhaveapeach?
1.________________________________________________(useyourbook
2._______________________________________________(borrowyourrulerModel2:CanIgotothezoo?
1.____________________________________________________(watchTV
四、Model1:WhatdoyoudoonTuesday?Iplaybaseball.
1.____________________________________________________(Tuesday,playthepiano
2.____________________________________________________
(Saturday,playbasketball
Model2:DoyouplaysocceronTuesday?
1.__________________________________________________(they,Friday
2.__________________________________________________(she,MondayModel3:IplaytheviolinonMonday.
1._____________________________________________________(playping-pong
Model4:DoyouplaybaseballonTuesday?Yes,Ido.
1._____________________________________________________(playsoccer,Friday
2._____________________________________________________(playtheviolin,Thursday
Model5:WhatdoyoudoonThurday?
1.____________________________________________________(Wednesday
2._____________________
________________________________(Tuesday
Model6:IplaybaseballonFriday.
1._________________________________________________________(playping-pong,Monday
2.________________________________________________________(playthepiano,Sunday
Model7:IwatchTVonFriday.
1.________________________________________________________(gotothezoo,Sunday
2.________________________________________________________(playtheviolin,Tuesday
五、Model1:Whatdayisittoday?It’sMonday.
1.______________________________________________________
(Thursday
2.______________________________________________________
(Wednesday
六、Model1:Iwantacomputer.
1.____________________________________________________(they,toycar
2._____________________________________________________(he,guitarModel2:Whatdoyouwant?Iwantadrum.
1.__________________________________________________
(they,toycar
2.__________________________________________________
(she,skateboard
3.__________________________________________________
(Lisa,drum
Model3:Doyouwantadoll?
1.___________________________________________________(they,puzzle
2._________________________________________________(she,skateboardModel4:Doeshewantadoll?
1.______________________________________________________(she,puzzle
2.______________________________________________(Tony,stuffedanimalModel5:Doyouwantadrum?No,Idon’t.
1._____________________________________________________(she
七、Model1:It’sonthesofa.
1.__________________________________________________
(drum,nexttothesofa
2._________________________________________________
(socks,behindthebookcase
Model2:Mywalletisonthechair.
1._________________________________________________
(drum,nexttothesofa
2._____________________________________________
(socks,infrontofthebookcase
Model3:Theyareinfrontofthebookcase.
1._____________________________________________________(nextto
2._____________________________________________________(behind
八、Model1:Ilikeart.
1.______________________________________________(English
2.______________________________________________(history,scienceModel2:Ilikeartandmath.
1.__________________________________________________(English,history
2.__________________________________________________(science,P.E.Model3:Ilikescience.
1.___________________________________________________(they,history
2.___________________________________________________(we,English
九、Model1:Where’smywallet?
1.__________________________________________________(computergame
2.__________________________________________________(stuffedanimal
3.____________________________________________________(books
十、Model1:What’sshedoing?She’spainting.
1.______________________________________________________
(he,running
2.______________________________________________________
(it,sleeping
3.______________________________________________________
(Tony,playing
4.______________________________________________________
(they,running
Model2:Whatareyoudoing?Iameating.
1._____________________________________________________
(they,sleeping
2._____________________________________________________
(she,shopping
3.____________________________________________________
(yourparents,eating
Model3:Whatareyoudoing?I’mwriting.
1.____________________________________________________(run
Model4:Whatisshedoing?Sheisplaying.
1.________________________________________________________(he,study
2.________________________________________________________(they,write
十一、Model1:Touchyournose.
1._________________________________________________(close,eyes
2.__________________________________________________(open,mouthModel2:Touchyoureyes.
1.___________________________________________________(hands
2.___________________________________________________(feet
Model3:Touchyournose.
1.___________________________________________________(her,arms
2.___________________________________________________(his,feetModel4:Closeyourmouth.
1.___________________________________________________(herbooks
2.___________________________________________________(hiseyes十二、Model1:Whosecarisit?It’smine.
1.______________________________________________________
(dog,hers
2.______________________________________________________
(stuffedtoy,Jenny’s
Model2:Whoseskateboardisthis?It’smine.
1.____________________________________________________
(boat,hers
2.____________________________________________________
(computergame,theirs
Model3:Whosecarisit?It’shers.
1.____________________________________________________
(bag,his
2.____________________________________________________
(boat,ours
Model4:Whosepuzzleisthis?It’shers.
1._____________________________________________________
(toycar,mine
Model5:Whoseballoonisthis?It’smine.
1.________________________________________________________(puzzle,hers
2.________________________________________________________(suffedtoy,Jenny’s
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