导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
对孩子、家长来说,最重要的盘点就是期末考试的分数了。分数在很大程度上能反映学习的状态和结果,它的根本功能应是反馈和调控。但更多时候,分数成了评价和选拔的工具,这就让人们对待分数的心态异化了。
今天下午,同事们陆续把期末各科成绩发送给了家长们。家长们了解到孩子的分数后,反应惊人的一致——班上最高分是多少?班上平均分是多少?每个人都在急切地寻找一把标尺,把孩子安放到位,分数就是那把标尺。因为它简单明了易操作。
一份试题,更重的功能是帮着发现孩子哪里没有掌握好,哪里有了进步,去发现孩子学习的态度,学习的习惯。而不是忙着用分数来排队,排完了队又能如何呢?班级排完了可以排学校,学校排完了可以排全区,全区排完了……这样比较下去永远充满挫败感。
况且,分数真的有这样神奇的功能,把孩子都准确定位吗?至少语文考试分数不能。
一般情况下,每个孩子随着年级的增高,语文知识会越来越丰富,语文能力会越来越强。但实际上,让四年级孩子去考三年级语文试卷,六年级孩子去考五年级语文试卷,想取得个优秀的成绩并不是件轻而易举的\'事情。能依据分数说三年级孩子就比四年级孩子语文能力强吗?显然是不合适的。在我看来,允许孩子可以忘记的知识,就不必成为考查的内容。考查应该着眼于运用。
况且,即使分数是把尺子,当你换把尺子去量的时候,会量出完全不同的结果。
教这个班级时间比较长了,自认为对孩子的秉性,孩子的学习状态都有比较准确的了解,每次考试都能预测个大概。前段时间,换了一种测试的方式,一改日常考试“看拼音写词语”“填空”“阅读”的常态,均是客观题。结果相当令人意外。一个经常不能及格的孩子及格了,多个一直在“及格”“良好”间徘徊的孩子达到了“优秀”。当然,也有好几个“优秀”已成为习惯的孩子却滑落到了“良好”。真的是多一把衡量的尺子,就多一群优秀的孩子。关键看你怎么量。
对小学生来说,多考了一两分,少考了一两分,没有想象的那么严重。一年级怎么讲都听不明白的问题,后来也没有再讲,到了二年级自然就会了。像这样无师自通的问题,在小学里很普遍。为什么不能给孩子耐心地等待呢?很多时候,我们被迫在干“催熟”的事情。突然就想起了英国小学毕业的孩子不会背乘法口诀表,而我们一年级的孩子已经学着说英文了。能说我们的孩子比他们棒吗?好,是比他们棒。然后呢?
对分数,不管是老师还是家长,都要淡定。不仅是结果,更是对过程的某个角度的反馈。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
“功夫不负有心人”。终于,在四年级的期中中,她夺得全班第一名,是班里唯一的满分。老师在班会课上表扬了她,使她更加地骄傲自大。
放学后,她碰到了朋友小薇,小薇问:“小美,你为啥这样高兴?”小美骄傲地说:“薇薇,你知道吗?这次考试,我是全班的第一名!”“是吗?”小美惊讶地问,“你得了全班第一名?”“是!”“美美,你真棒!小妹佩服佩服。不过,你可不要太骄傲,这样,你下次就不行喽!再说……”“住嘴!!!”小美恼怒了,“你怎么可以教训我?你算什么!!!”“哦,不不不,我不是这个意思,我是说……”“省了吧!”小美说完,头也不回地走了。
一会儿,她又碰到了朋友芳芳,芳芳也劝她不要骄傲,小美听了,生气极了。
她来到了家门口,妈妈看到她今天如此地高兴,便问:“美子,今天有啥事啊?”“妈妈!”小美大叫,“我是全班第一名!!!”“哦,宝贝儿真乖!你不能骄傲,知道不?”妈妈说。“妈,你就尽管放心好了!”小美胸有成竹的说。小美回到房间,打开电视机,津津有味地看了起来。
结果怎样呢?
期末考试到了,小美满怀信心地走进考场,90分钟的考试她只用半个小时就答完了,她检查都没有检查,就把考卷交给了监考老师。走出考场,她想:出题的老师也太没水平了,竟然出这么简单的.试题,把我当幼儿园的小朋友啊!
成绩揭晓了。小美断定她一定还是第一名,于是在前面找自己的名字。然而,前三名里面没有,前二十名里面也没有……找啊找啊,她在倒数十名里找到了自己,啊!她竟然不及格!全班倒数第五名!再仔细一看,当初被她指责过的同学各个名列前茅;而当初指责别人的她却名落孙山。
故事讲完了。你读了这个故事有什么想法?
学习成绩好是应该鼓励的、应该表扬的。但是,“满招损,谦受益”,不要太过分了,那样只会退步不会进步。
如果有位同学,他的学习成绩比你好,你会怎样?那不要紧,“择其善者而从之,其不善者而不为”嘛!我们要仔细想一想,他到底比你好在那里,自己学习学习,不是很好吗?
若有位同学对你有不满之处,你会虚心接受吗?其实,别人对自己提出的意见,也未必是对你的嘲笑,我们要“有则改之,无则加冕”。
同学们,你做的到吗?
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