为使必修教材更好地适应课堂教学实际,教材内容按照学生的认知规律和“最近发展区”教育理论进行设计。引领学生积极地参与技术学习和设计活动,转变学习方式,让他们自主地建构技术的基本知识和基本方法。
在每节课前认真研读学习目标,指引学生把握学习方向,掌握需要达到的最低学习要求。生动而简洁的导入学习主题内容,通过案例分析、讨论、思考或辩论等栏目,创设学习情境,搭建一个师生间、学生间可以互动的平台。引导学生去理解、分析主题内容,并在理解的\'基础上自主地建构技术知识,“同化”学习内容,通过练习中的“做中学”的方式动手实践,实现从“无形”到“有形”的转变,进一步的“消化”和巩固。在每章的最后,通过综合实践活动,将学到的知识、技能、方法综合化,并拓展和延伸,使学生学到的知识、方法、技能“综合化”,实现“顺应”。
同时,教学内容中的实例、设计和项目都应紧贴学生的生活实际,如教材中以每家每户都使用的灯具作为横贯教材的前后内容的一个主要教学载体。由于灯具已经为学生熟悉,所以在教师的引领下,学生可以从现有水平比较容易地完成一个设计任务,达到一个解决设计问题的新水平。
培养学生的创新精神是技术设计教学的重点。设计是技术的核心,技术设计也是培养中学生创新精神和创造能力的有效教学载体,是通用技术课程的一个闪光点。
教材中的技术设计内容是根据《通用技术课程标准》为高中学生精心编制的一般设计过程与方法。所以,在教学中要紧紧把握一般技术设计过程中的核心、关键和方法,积极组织学生全员性和全程性参与,让他们亲历设计方案的构思过程、方案转化为模型的过程、技术试验的过程、交流和评价过程等技术设计过程,并从中体验和领悟技术设计的本质。
改变“重视操作训练,轻视创新设计”的旧的技术教学观念,大力加强学生的设计活动。教师要采取有效的教学方法,诱导启发学生构思,启迪学生的发散性思维活动,鼓励大胆创新,指点学生从人、物和环境三个方面系统地进行设计分析,不断地促进构思的发展,形成多方案的设计思路,通过比较、权衡和决策,产生技术设计方案。
教学中特别要重视多方案的形成,它是衡量技术设计教学是否成功的一个重要标志,力求避免全班只形成千篇一律的结果。
Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that the parents are willing to have a second child, while their only child do not agree because of his worry that he doesn't want to have another child, even his own sibling, share toys with him. Simple as it is, the symbolic meaning revealed is profound and thought-provoking.
We are supposed to place our attention on, instead of its funny appearance, the implied meaning of the cartoon: as the overall second-child policy expands throughout China, some only children are so selfish that they cannot accept the second child in their family. What can account for this undesirable situation? For one thing, they, as the only child at home all the time, have no awareness of sharing what they like with others due to the fact that all the family members give their love to the only child. As a result, when faced with the problem of whether they are willing to have a sibling, their first response is to refuse it. For another reason, some couples are eager to have a second child as soon as possible, which makes them neglect to communicate with their only child to let them realize the advantage of having a sibling companion in their childhood.
From what has been discussed above, it's safe for me to conclude that it is urgent to take some immediate and effective measures. What I recommend is that parents should let child know the importance of sharing with others, which is beneficial for them in future life. In addition, it's better for parents to have more communication with their only child once they want to have a second child.
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