1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
小时候,我最害怕的就是爸爸妈妈都去上夜班的晚上。家里只剩我一个,这时候,什么小偷啊、鬼啊、老鼠啊……马上涌上我心头。
记得有一次,爸妈又上夜班去了。我洗完澡后就写作业,不一会儿就写完了。于是,我打开电视想轻松一下。这时候,电视一片白花花的。唉,真是祸不单行啊!电视没得看,我的脑子就开始胡思乱想,怕小偷进屋偷东西,又怕老鼠来咬我,又怕鬼来把我吃掉,又怕……这时候的我拼命地叫自己别乱想,可脑子就不听话。突然,我的脑子里闪过一个念头:小偷不是怕警察叔叔吗?于是,我拿出纸,画了一位威武的警察叔叔,贴在门上。接着,我又画了一只大黑猫,看那些讨厌的老鼠敢不敢出来咬本小姐!吃了这些“定心丸”,我的心不再胡思乱想,随手拿起一本作文书看了起来。时间过得真快,一晃就到了九点半,妈妈回来了。妈妈问我是怎么回事,我便一五一十地告诉了妈妈,妈妈还夸我聪明呢!
从那以后,我发现了一个人在家并不可怕,有时还挺好玩呢!只是看你会不会一个人去寻找乐趣。
他,是一个残疾人,但他并没有用他那失去的右腿来换取他人的施舍,而是靠自己的双手以及那仅剩的左腿收购废品维持生计。我佩服他。
一天,我和妈妈买完东西刚要回家时,一个收废品的外地人骑着一辆脚踏三轮车缓缓地向我们驶来,可能是长时间在外地跋涉的缘故,他全身黑黝黝的。这时,妈妈想起家里还有一些废品没有卖掉,便把他叫住了。
回家的路上,我和妈妈在前头领路,而他,就在最后跟着。我不经意回过头去看了他一眼,发觉他骑车的速度非常慢,我也没多想,以为他只是不太会骑车罢了,便转过身子继续走。“小妹妹,快到了吗?”他擦了擦额头上的汗水,笑着问我。“哦,快到了,你快点,别老慢吞吞的!”我没好气地应着,头也不回地走了。
到了我家楼下,妈妈先上去了。我也飞快地跑上二楼,当我转过身子看他,我被眼前的一幕惊呆了: 他双手撑着左右的墙壁,一步一步艰难地向上跳着。我顿时恍然大悟,原来他是一个残疾人,是一个失去宝贵右腿的\'残疾人!“怎么了,小妹妹?”他的微笑又出现在我的视线中。“哦,没,叔叔,您慢点!”此时,我觉得我的步子是多么沉重。
到了家门口,妈妈已经拿着废品在门口等着了,见他的腿后,妈妈也很惊异,连忙拿了些钱给他,这时,我清清楚楚地看到,他脸上再没有了笑容,变得严肃起来,说:“大姐,我不能要你的钱。”他接过妈妈手中的废品,从兜里掏出15元,说:“这是您卖废品的钱,收好。”说完拿着废品走了。
望着他远去的背影,一种莫名的感觉涌上我的心头,我为自己原先的态度而感到愧疚,对他那坚强的毅力由衷感到敬佩。我不禁脱口说了句“叔叔,你真了不起!”。这时,他回过头来冲我微微一笑,啊!我顿时觉得那是世上最美的笑容!
他,一个残疾人,亦是一个了不起的伟人!
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