传统的教学模式一直把重点放在词汇意义上,课文常常被看作是用来教给学生词汇及其用法的,读文章就是为了记住所有的单词、词组以及语法结构,结果学生形成了在阅读中一个个词、一句句话读的习惯。这很大程度上影响了学生的阅读效率,老师需要做的就是要改变这种状况,帮助学生养成良好的阅读习惯。
首先,使学生不要过多地关注每个单词的词义,而是要引导学生识别意群和关键信息。这样,在阅读中,他们才能读得很快,更好地记住关键的信息。老师可以教学生练习划分意群或拿一些已经划出意群的短文给学生读,关于基本句型的知识也可以帮助学生更好地把握长难句中的重要信息。英语基本句型的知识在高中开始阶段应教给学生,并在平时的教学中反复强化巩固,这是能够准确分析理解长难句的基本前提,而近几年的高考题中长难句的增多越显示出这一点的重要性。另外,长难句的分析也离不开主从复合句的相关知识。我们教师在课文教学中要多设置针对性较强的阅读理解题帮助学生强化这种阅读技巧,当然,一定量的词汇是阅读的前提,只有在扫清词汇障碍的前提下才能讲求方法和技巧,但只有词汇短语句式的理解与记忆是远远不够的。
其次,强化指示词、连接词的知识和练习也是必要的,这可以帮助学生更好地理解句与句、句与篇的关系。教师必须想办法让学生了解到一篇文章是怎样通过不同方式使众多的句子以及多个段落构成一个完整的、有一定主题的篇章。掌握了这些,对高考题中的段落大意、主旨大意题就会迎刃而解,也有利于做阅读填空题,即七选五这类题,同时有利于学生们写作水平的提高,一举三得。
再次,语篇知识对阅读的作用也不可忽视,老师应通过讲授或练习教给学生常见的篇章结构和模式,平时教学中多练习写纲要或缩写,这是一个比较有效的方式。高中英语课本中有许多的对话形式的文章,多要求学生改写也是一个不错的途径。
最后,学生应学会识别文章的功用即作者的写作意图,作者写作此文章是为了描述、议论、劝说还是仅仅是为了娱乐?他是在摆事实还是发表个人看法?是直截了当地表明观点还是通过正话反说或双重否定等方式?所有这些问题对于理解都是很关键的。老师必须教给学生常用的标识符号以及怎样通过各种暗示识别作者的意图。
总之,老师应该通过各种手段改变学生拘泥于一词一句的习惯,将注意力更多地放在更高的语言层次上,学会从客观上把握文章的意思。
句型是根据句子的结构、特点和意义从大量的句子中抽象、概括出来的语言的一般表现形式。在教学中,根据学生的认知特点、心理特点和教学实际,运用建构主义教学思想设计教学活动,有利于句型教学目标的高度达成,应当把握以下四个基本途径。
“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” This beginning sentence of the book seems to tell us the main story of the book is about the marriage of rich men. The heroine of the book is Elizabeth and at the chapter One, we are told that the father Mr. Bennet prefers Elizabeth among his daughters, in this case, Elizabeth must be a girl who is more special and intelligent.
The story is about love and marriage. Charlotte married Collins because his fortune and she feels nervous about her age even the man is so old-fashioned and ingratiating. However, their marriage is about money and they do not get the real happy. The other man Wickham is a handsome but a man who is a liar. He lies to Elizabeth to gain her appreciation. And his love with Lydia is shallow and about appearance. The love of Jane and Bingley has a better ending. They have love in the relationship and appreciate each other because of the deeper virtue. But they do come through a lot because the misunderstanding they had before.
The love of Elizabeth and the hero of the book Darcy responses the title Pride and Prejudice. In the eye of Elizabeth, Darcy is no doubt pride and arrogant. Darcy falls in love with Elizabeth and proposes marriage to her, but he is still very arrogant so Elizabeth refuses him directly. Darcy
feels hard hit and regrets of being arrogant. However, Elizabeth has a prejudice about Darcy at the very beginning and mistaken believes in Wickham but she finally knows the truth and feels shame of her family. Darcy moves Elizabeth with his pleasant virtue in the end.
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