I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
如果问,苏州落日的最佳观赏点在哪儿?那便是金鸡湖了。
沿着金鸡湖走着,微风过处,湖面在太阳的照耀下显得金光闪闪,劳累了一天的太阳似乎还有着用不完的精力。它像个孩子似的,调皮地将光芒撒向湖面,湖面就像被上了一层金粉一样闪闪发光。
接下来,它好像还未玩尽兴,它又向周围的云彩们泼了一盆橘水,一下子,云彩上的橘点便像在宣纸上滴上墨点一般,慢慢地向外泛开,一层一层,由深到浅,简直就像是中国画中的渲染一般过度得是那么的自然。
它好像玩累了,脸涨得通红,随意地将衣服抛向云彩,云彩立刻被蒙上了全身,粉粉的轻纱笼罩在云那飘逸的身躯上,在湖面的映衬下显得十分可爱!也可能是看到大家都变美了,开心地笑了起来,没想到这一笑便停不下来了,笑得脸涨得红红的,笑得脸颊粉嫩嫩的,这天真的笑声感染了湖水,云朵,大家都幸福得脸红了吧!
突然,那落日伸个懒腰,扭扭肥肥的屁股,晃晃悠悠得摇回了家,云朵没了太阳,冷得瑟瑟发抖,不一会儿便变回了洁白的原色,湖水也困了,也渐渐平静了下来。
要问美在何方?那便是苏州的落日!
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
东风,寓意着迎来了春天——这个鸟语花香、莺歌燕舞的美好季节,这个新年那新的希望,新的开始。那么世界,究竟又发生了那些微妙的事情呢?
东风欣欣然吹到了这个宁静的冰雪世界。用她那无比温暖的双手,拥抱着冰冷的皑皑白雪,让白雪消融在她的怀里。
大地似乎就在这一瞬间,焕然一新。四处都洋溢起欢跃与激动。苍鹰如利箭般,飞驰过原野、草地,朝着蔚蓝的天空长吼一声,好似唤醒了从北方远道而来的大雁。大雁们轮番在空中用高贵优雅的身姿做了几个滑翔动作。冲着地上高傲的叫唤。东风一吹,安眠于巢中的百灵,舞弄着妖娆的身段,拼尽全身力气用自己平生最动人的歌喉,向着森林高声啼鸣。东风一吹,一身乌黑的乌鸦也探出脑袋对着百灵“呱呱”叫了几声,也没人反对。东风掠过之处,鸟儿们都开起音乐会,互相祝福着新年快乐。因为春天,来了。
东风又来到树木的身边,轻轻一旋转,跟着的就是漫天飞舞的残叶,残叶被卷得不知所向,但是残叶下面正在萌芽生长的嫩草显露出来,那样的翠色欲流,那样的积极蓬勃。远望,东风将残叶全部卷走,一下子,青草变得一望无际了。而那一棵棵拔地而起的参天大树,也格外茂盛,东风一吹,它身上的叶子跟着轻轻颤动,真不愧为玉树临风。如果来了一阵稍大的风儿,那么一片片绿油油的小草和苍翠欲滴的大树上所有树叶便茫茫然随着一起朝西边屈膝,因为吹来的是东风。其实这一片大地换上绿色的新衣,也全都是东风帮的忙。
东风又跃入人们的摸不透的心中,顿时人们对新年的顾忌都烟消云散,留下的只是希望于前进的动力。仿佛人的心是潘多拉的魔法盒。东风也就是春天,给人们带来了快乐,带来了好好过这新的一年的信心与勇气。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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