今年暑假,我回了一次老家,才发现,那里的色彩,比布满钢筋丛林城市里的更绚丽,更鲜明......
那抹纯洁的蓝
都说城市里的天空是灰暗迷蒙的,雪白的云朵早已被工厂里的黑烟熏得不见了踪影,就连夜晚,天空也是灰蒙蒙的,颗颗繁星躲在了黑灰色大幕的后面。在乡村,我才到了什么叫蓝。晴朗万里时,天空是一片纯粹的蓝,漂浮着几朵棉花似的白云。晴空的那种蓝,是淡淡的,是明朗的,是纯洁的。当夜幕降临,天空是一片深邃的蓝,一颗颗星星清晰可见,织女星纯洁高雅,就像镶嵌在深蓝天鹅绒上的钻石,熠熠发光。夜幕的那种蓝,是浓烈的,是深邃的,是纯洁的.。
那抹清新的绿
在乡村,最常见的莫过于绿幽幽的植物了,漫山遍野只有一种颜色---绿。不过这种绿是有层次的,有嫩绿,有墨绿,有黄绿,有翠绿,有鲜绿,有碧绿......各种颜色的绿,像一朵朵绚丽的花,绽放在山野丛林间,释放着自己独特的清新。城市里的绿色,是不太常见的,就算见到了,往往也是覆盖着一层灰,是那种灰绿,少了一份清新,倒平添了一份阴郁。
那抹温暖的黄
都说阳光是金色的,其实不然,我觉得倒是黄色的,而且是那种昏黄。穿透嫩绿的树叶,洒在红色的泥土上,给人以温暖的感觉,是那种从心底深处透出来的暖。昏黄的阳光照在脸上,那种温暖,是一种幸福。在城市里,阳光赤裸裸地照在脸上,那种就不是暖了,而是热,像被烘烤这一般。
或许,有些颜色,在乡村,才会变得真正的绚丽吧。
15.下列表述符合原文意思的一项是:(2分
A.世界上最长、最快的高速铁路干线是武汉到广州的高铁客运专线。
B.世界各国都在大力推进铁路的高速化,旨在减少废气排放,节约石油资源。
C.从武汉到广州,如果你坐在“和谐号”列车六号车厢,那么,你就是坐在动车车厢内。
D.为了防止高速列车行进在弯道时造成脱轨事故,在路轨的设计上采取了尽量提高PQ值的技术措施。
16.第⑤至⑨自然段介绍了高速铁路的特别要求,其中⑦至⑨三段各介绍了哪一个方面的要求?(3分
17.第③段中的画线句子运用了哪些说明方法?有什么作用?(3分
18.高速铁路“将改变人们的地理概念和生活方式”。高铁现已修到我们家乡,它将给我们的生活带来哪些新的变化?(至少答出两点(3分
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1.不能。因为“唯一的”即“独一无二”,准确地说明了要改变这种困难,除找到既环保又可再生的替代性能源外,别无他法。
2.因为氢燃烧后产生的是水,而这种水对自然界完全无污染,所以氢动力汽车可以实现“零污染”。
3.①科技的发展和巨大市场利润的刺激;②石油面临枯竭的威胁,汽车终有一天会无油可有;③氢既环保又可再生;④氢无处不在
4.中心句是:氢能源的开发技术是氢动力汽车最终走进寻常百姓家的关键。
②纳米科技以空前的分辨率为人类揭示了一个可见的原子、分子世界,它的最终目标是直接以原子和分子来构造具有特定功能的产品。人们普遍认为,纳米科技是信息和生命科学技术能够进一步发展的共同基础,将对人类未来产生深远影响。
③从90年代初起,纳米科技得以迅速发展,新名词、新概念不断涌现,如纳米电子学、纳米材料学、纳米机械学、纳米生物学等等。
④科学家为我们勾勒了一幅若干年后的蓝图:纳米电子学将使量子元件代替微电子器件,巨型计算机能装入口袋里;通过纳米化,易碎的陶瓷可以变成韧性的,成为一种重要材料;世界上还将出现1微米以下的机器甚至机器人;纳米技术还能给药物的传输提供新的方式和途径,对基因进行定点等。
⑤正因为如此,世界各国尤其是发达国家都从战略高度部署纳米领域的研究。
1.根据第①段文字,给“纳米科技”下一个定义。
2.从文章看,纳米科技有什么深刻意义?从文中选取有关语句回答。
3.第①段和第④段中加点的“略”“将”能否删去?请分别简要说明理由。
参考答案
1……纳米科技就是以0.1至100纳米这样的尺度为研究对象的前沿学科。
2.纳米科技是信息和生命科学技术能够进一步发展的共同基础,将对人类未来产生深远影响。
3.不能。如果删去“略”,就成了1纳米等于45个原子排列起来的长度;删去“将”,“蓝图”就成了事实,显然与原意不符。
一直试图去认认真真地看一次夕阳,可总是半途而废。
尽管乐于在六楼的阳台上痴痴遥望西方橘色的天幕,我却从未真正目睹过那一如梦的壮烈,无声的颓败。它总是被打断,留给记忆些许破碎的镜头,供我臆想。
我的夕阳只属于城市角落的黄昏。
偌大的石头森林中,繁忙的身影充斥着每一个角落,却总会有人停下脚步抬头凝望一块房地产广告牌――只因那一片宁静祥和的夕阳、白鹭、别墅、湖泊。驻足者的心头在编织一个闲云野鹤生活的梦吗?我是城市里的追梦者,却常常只能提一下沉甸甸的书包,在脑中冒出《飘》中郝思嘉的一句话:“这不是我今天想的,我明天再想它。”可是明天还有多少天?
别墅是城市人梦中的奢侈,夕阳生活不是。
幸福的人不一定在看夕阳,但看夕阳的一定会幸福。因为夕阳昭示着自然对生命真谛的诠释,把它用温柔的光线演绎到极美的境界,再洒向落日下的你我心头,照亮一片天地。
即使是黄昏的最后一缕残阳,也要发出奇灿无比的霞光,照亮天,照亮无数片云。
没有看过夕阳下的青山和那一点点被黛色边缘吞噬的残阳,却看过夕阳下的高楼和那缓缓被座座方方正正的钢筋混凝土身躯掩映不见的落日。尽管青山绵延、高楼耸立,青山温情、高楼冷漠,但夕阳依然执着地抛洒最后的光芒,再无怨地在一双眼睛中失去色彩和影像。六楼的我,也只能揉揉眼睛,在回屋前再望一眼泛紫的天空和楼房无比清晰的轮廓。
弥留之际献上最辉煌的舞蹈,以古老而确凿的姿势被定格在完美的瞬间。于是,灿烂在人们心中铸成了夕阳的永恒。
相信生命是有轮回的,就像永无休止的日升日落一样。不是唯心主义的我对生命的这种看法仅为缓和对死亡的恐惧,为自己多留一点借口与希望。花开花谢,日升日落,云卷云舒,看了太多这样的词,我对于轮回的理解也仅限于那首耳熟能详的歌里所唱:太阳下山明朝依旧爬上来,花儿谢了明年还是一样开。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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