假如我出国留学,我会到另一个文化的发源地从而让我进一步了解与中国文化的不同,我学到一些新的'东西,我懂得怎样才能更好的与外国人沟通,怎样做才能接近完美。这会让我变得沉着,变得冷静。一个陌生的城市,一场完全不同的生活,一些陌生的面孔和一个人寂寞的生活,我不会缺少朋友,我可以用自己的努力去结识那些不同皮肤,不同文化的朋友。这给我的是勇敢,是信心,困难的问题我会想办法解决它们。这就是我来到另一个地方给我的经验。
假如我出国留学,在没有家人的帮助下,你需要依靠自己去改变。每当我遇到麻烦,我会告诉自己不要打电话给父母,我不希望将自己的困难加在父母的身上,这会让他们担心,在我的生活里,那是一些毕经历的问题。正是它们的存在,我不畏惧打击,通过这些问题,就像在阳光滋润下茁壮成长的大树,我变得坚强。
留学的另一方面,让我学习了很多。让我看到我在同一世界是不同的生活。与我携手的朋友,让我的友谊得到更好的美化,成功的到来,敲响了我生命的钟声。
这一切需要我的付出才能换回成功的贺礼。我会用自己的行动证明我出国留学后的所得。我坚信,假如我出国留学,未来也与变得不同。
佐藤学教授在《教师的挑战》一书中提到的教师活动的核心——倾听,让我印象深刻。在佐藤教授观摩的大量生动课堂中,佐藤学先生发现这些教师都是善于倾听学生意见的。
这些教师之所以能找到应对学生在学习中出现的各种状况其秘密在于两个应对原理。首先,教师的应对是以“倾听”为核心的,完整地接纳每一个儿童的想法。其次,在教学中尊重每一个儿童的尊严。
反观自己的教学,我自己往往会经常陷入这样一个陷阱---关注于把好的发言串联起来展开教学而忽视与课堂无关的发言。而佐藤教授在观摩滨野老师的课中发现滨野老师的应对是截然不同的,他不拘泥于好的发言,而是对所有儿童的发言都寄予信赖和期待。正因为如此地尊重每一个孩子,他在教学中才能够创造出新的境界:孩子们轻松地参与、自由地交流思考,这种自由的交流又产生了许多丰富的串联。此外教师在倾听学生的同时将这一习惯传递给了学生,渐渐地孩子们也养成了倾听的好习惯,在倾听中发现问题,在倾听中解决困惑。
佐藤学先生强调在教学中教师工作的中心在于倾听、串联、反刍。教师在教学中将教材与学生串联起来,把一个学生同其他学生串联起来,把一种知识和其他知识串联起来,把课堂知识和生活实践串联起来。但是在实际的教学中往往许多的串联会被老师的纠正、提问等切断,发言与发言之间没有连贯。而反刍的活动更容易被忽略。学生的差异是客观存在的,理解能力、接受能力、记忆等都存在差异。
在教学中老师不应该一直教授新的知识,只关注一些优等生,而应该注重新旧知识的串联,关注每个学生的成长。在自己的教学中,我经常会利用课前的5分钟时间让孩子们进行对话练习,内容就是前一阶段课本上的知识点,学生们可以自由选择自己喜欢的话题进行操练,每次保证三分之一的孩子能轮到,这样降低了难度、保证了操练面,一些学习比较困难的学生也能自信地发言。
总之,教师要处理好倾听、串联、反刍这三者的关系,侧耳倾听每个学生的声音,关注串联和反刍。
记得第一次从佐藤学先生的书中看到这个词时,我还是有些疑惑的,什么是学力啊?寻遍全书,佐藤学先生也没有给出一个明确的定义,百度知道将它定义为学习能力和知识水平的简称。但我能明显地感到此解释并不能完全解释清楚佐藤学书中的那个学力,这究竟是什么呢?
它隐约像一种力量,又如植物积极向上的生长力吗?它又隐约像一种潜能,等待别人点化激发的潜力吗?学力学力,佐藤学先生似乎一直在提醒我们它就像人的一种本能一直伴随在我们每一个儿童的身上啊,那是一种有着自我创造探究的学习能力。但它怎么又那么陌生,比起大热的兄弟——学历,似乎汗颜很多。追根溯源,究竟是什么遮住了它的光彩?
我们传统的教育模式似乎难逃其责。教师讲学生听,教师问学生答,教师示范学生模仿,想想这些我们习以为常漠不关心的行为模式哪一样是真正尊重了学生?哪一样是真正相信了人的无限潜能?学生兴趣被打击、潜能被埋没、学力自然得不到发展。
要想发展学生的学力,正如佐藤学先生所言,必须得相信学生、尊重学生、倾听学生。要让这种倾听关系发展成为师生之间、生生之间的互为倾听进而走向合作学习的关系。
书中列举的案例《不可思议的种子》让我领悟到什么才是真正的尊重学生、倾听学生。一般语文课上,常常限定于教材文章的语言认识,很少将实物带到学校里来。但在这节课上教师不仅允许学生讲牛膝草和苍耳的种子带到课堂上来,在课堂上允许学生细心地观察、自由的发言,教师竟然准许将苍耳的果实称为自己熟悉的“粘虫”“抓抓将”或是儿童自己想象的“妈妈做的苹果兔子”“宇宙的原始森林”。这一普通果实的称呼,这正是一种儿童体验与苍耳果实一次新的相遇。而这一相遇是那样的丰富而多样,它与儿童之间产生全新关系的过程又怎能不称之为拥有学力的真正学习呢?
如果我们也想拥有这样的课堂,拥有这样非凡学力与创造力的儿童。那就请从尊重儿童的尊严、倾听她们的心声开始吧!
佐藤学教授在书中展示的课例,都能让我们看到儿童在课堂上能够开心地、投入地和同伴的交流中,相互联系的理解连老师也没有想到,甚至自愧不如。正如滨之乡小学的西冈老师所说的那样,他所在的班级构筑的合作学习关系,是两年来不断反复指导学生要“认真倾听同伴的声音”、“拥有自己的理解”、“从细小的差异中学习”的结果。即便如此,儿童为什么能够完全记住10小时之中同伴的发言呢?佐藤学教授认为:这是因为每位儿童都成了班级学习的主人。首先教室的大变样,学习内容从课内到课外,各种实践活动的扎实有效的开展,令学生们乐此不疲,学习种菜与卖菜,走进微生物世界……这些活动人儿童成为学习的主人公。原田老师和她班上的儿童们在三个月的时间中,以新写的主人公的身份开展实现了当下的学习,这正是在为明天的希望做准备。而让家长参与到教学,则是日本课堂改革的重要一环。因为很多家长参与课堂学习,儿童们会更加柔和,所有的儿童都能够安心地集中精力学习。不仅家长之间产生了联系,而且这是家长们理解儿童的现实、理解教师的思考的一个绝好的机会。
我们现在的教育危机的核心是“密室抚养”、“密室教学”所引发的教师与家长之间信任的缺失。学习参与倡导每位儿童都在数位成人的协助下学习,通过加强教师与家长的联系来努力构建学校中的学习共同体。如何在大班额情况下,有效地组建学习小组?有效地进行合作探究?如何真正的“以生为本”?如何培养学生的倾听意识?如何让我们的课堂变得静悄悄?如何让我们的每一个孩子都成为课堂上积极思考的主人?我们需要学习、借鉴国外好的做法的同时,还要结合我们的实际情况,需要我们教师去努力探索与培养,在新课程改革的大潮中去做一个弄潮儿!我们依然是任重而道远!我们也当然是改革的践行者!
From: ****
Department of the SPECIAL CLASS GIFTED for YOUTHS
University of Science and Technology
Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
July 1, 1998
Dear Sir or Madam:
I take great pleasure in recommending Wang Yong, one of my favorite students, for admission into your distinguished graduate program.
Mr. Wang was admitted in 1986 at 14 years of age into the SPECIAL CLASS for the GIFTED YOUTHS, my university's unique program that caters to the intellectual needs of unusually talented Chinese youngsters. It was a rare privilege he earned with his nearly impeccable academic performance through the years of his elementary and secondary school.
He impressed me almost as he entered into my university, a major cradle of china's scientific and technological talents. At the time, members of the Gifted Class all had to spend half a month studying by themselves the principles of calculus and then take an exam so that we could evaluate their self-study capability. Mr. Wang scored the highest grade in that exam. He also exhibited a keenly whetted mind during class discussions. To my regret at the time, his English was not as good as his mathematics or physics.(缺点介绍,公正真实 But I noticed he made a point of working especially hard in improving his English during his five undergraduate years with us. By now, he seems to be at least as proficient in English as most of his former classmates in the Gifted Class.
In my experience with Mr. Wang, I was impressed with not only his extraordinary intelligence but also his ambitions and persistence. I am sure that Mr. Wang will be an outstanding student in any doctoral program that he may care to enroll in. So I would like to support him firmly in his quest recommendation into account when considering his application. I would greatly appreciate it you decide to accept him as he wishes.
Yours sincerely
****
Professor and Deputy Head
拓展阅读:
In capacity as Professor of Mathematics at Fudan University?I'm writing to recommend Mr. Wang?Gesintosyour PhD program in Computer Science. I have known Mr. Wang since his sophomore year of college?and have acted as his thesis advisormentor. In my experience?he is a gifteddiligent student?and an admirably hard worker.
Wang is an impressive student because he has been forced to overcome the significant challenge of a serious illness during his freshman year. When I first met Wang in my Discrete Math class?he did not appear to be anything special to me. While his exam scores were good?they were not as high as I would now expect of him.
What I didn't know then was that due to his illness?Wang was attempting to take all of the difficult early mathematics courses at one time?including Discrete Mathematics?Advanced Mathematics?Linear Algebra?and Possibilities. While most students found preparing for just one set of these exams difficult?Wang was overwhelmed by four of them. But in the end?he achieved an impressive score on the final exam?which made me conscious of his unusual determination he demonstrates when confronting difficult challenges.
Mr. WangI have often talked about a variety of mathematicscomputer science conceptsproblems. During these discussions?I always found him to be delightfully intelligent. Not only does he quickly understand the conceptsproblems presented to him?he is able to analyze these problemspresent solutions. But perhaps most important is that Wang's thinking is intensely rigorous. When looking at any question?he carefully scrutinizes itif he finds any uncertain issue
he clears them up immediately. I believe this kind of thought is essential to become an excellent computer programmer.
Serving as his thesis advisor?I had a first-hand opportunity to observe the way in which Wang's mind works. In his senor thesis?Mr. Wang mainly discussed two challenging questions in regards to″ANN″。 In our books in China?knowledge of ANNits uses are very rare. Few people in China have studied this topicconsequently?the materials that are available on ANN are limited. Working on this difficult project?not only did Mr. Wang rise to the challenge?but he went abovebeyond the call of duty to analyze his secondary sourcestest them for accuracy in practice. In this way?he found mistakes in the book that we use. His diligencehard work made me extremely proud of him.
在国外案例一章中,佐藤学教授列举了意大利、墨西哥、美国、英国、法国等国家的非常不起眼的学校为例,旨在说明全球许多国家都在进行课程改革的尝试,取得了很好的效果。让我最感动的是在美国波士顿市的一所小学校,校长狄波拉玛雅在十年前就是在美国纽约最困难地区的学校创造“奇迹般的成功”而闻名。日本的领航学校和“学习共同体”学习的愿景等都是从狄波拉玛雅的安静而扎实的学校改革实践中获得的启示。十年后的再次造访,狄波拉玛雅让即将毕业的5名儿童来给佐藤学教授做向导。“学校最重要的是倾听儿童的心声。”正是她的这种理念,使得这所小学校成为波士顿公立学校的倡导民主化的领航学校。学生的转变和教师的成长令佐藤学教授惊叹不已。座谈时,做向导的5名儿童对他说到“这所学校是你们的‘第二个家’”的时候,5个人争先恐后地回答:“啊,真是的,是我的‘第二个家’”,“也是我的”,“‘第二个家’这个词很贴切呀”,“嗯,是共同学习的家”。这些看似平静的儿童们内心一定雀跃欢呼。这次造访让佐藤学教授感动不已,几近落泪。这里就是学校的未来,是民主主义的希望。
而在我们一贯的认识里,学校是育人的场所,传授学生知识的场所。新课程改革实施以来,我们已经认识到学校对于下一代成长的重要性,结合学生的实际,我们不同的学校提出不同的办学理念和校训、校风,但是大多停留在口号式的宣传上,因为高考制度的限制、因为评价制度的限制……我们不能真正从儿童的身心成长的规律出发,采取适合孩子、孩子喜欢的教育方式,一大堆所谓的问题学生,因为学校的分数而生活的并不开心,以至于对学习、对学校感到厌烦,学生流失现象在初中、高中极为严重。这都说明了什么呢?我们的学校不是所有孩子生活的乐园、学习成长的场所。我们要走的路还很漫长很漫长……
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