1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
进入现场,我们在正对审判台的旁听席上坐下。同学们你一言,我一语地谈论着,对这次活动充满了好奇。“法官”和“犯人”陆续来到了庭审现场,书记员面容庄重,向观众宣读了注意事项,审判长一身黑色礼服,两名犯罪嫌疑人身着黄色背心,就像我们平时在电视上见到过的囚犯一样。所有观众都被这庄严的气氛所感染了,原先喧闹的会场顿时安静下来,能听见的便是我们那有规律的呼吸声和沙沙的书写声。
“啪!”随着一声清脆的法槌敲响,模拟法庭庭审活动开始了。在威严的国徽下,审判员依次审问着犯罪嫌疑人。这是一个寻衅滋事案例,犯罪嫌疑人打架斗殴,造成了严重的后果。由于公诉人提供的证据确凿,嫌疑犯只好对犯罪的事实供认不讳。台下的.观众个个神情凝重,全神贯注地观看着庭审现场,被双方交锋的言语深深吸引。法槌终于敲响了,犯罪嫌疑人的审判结果已经尘埃落定。台下爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
在回校的路上,我感触很深:为什么他们小小年纪就要触犯法律?这样做,不但害了别人,更毁了自己,真是得不偿失呀!如果犯罪嫌疑人能从小学好法律,自觉遵守校纪校规,就不会有今天可恨可悲的下场了。通过这次身临其境的模拟法庭活动,我深切地感受到法律的威严神圣不可侵犯,同学们要引以为戒,认真学习法律知识,从小做个知法、懂法、守法的小公民。
那是一节数学课自习课。数学老师特意吩咐我坐在讲台上照顾班级纪律。我当然不能辜负老师的厚望。我坐在讲台上专心地注视着下面同学的一举一动。突然,我发现我的同桌竟然在下面写语文试卷。我顿时火冒三丈,一把从同桌的`手里夺过了试卷,狠狠地拍在讲桌上,并警告同桌下课再去拿。可没想到,我的态度惹火了同桌,他不仅不听我的话,还摆出一副高傲的姿态,直接把试卷从讲桌上拿走,还狠狠地瞪了我一眼。气急败坏的我从讲台上走下来,再次夺走他的试卷,并把试卷甩再他的脸上。没想到,他竟然站起身毫不留情地打了我一巴掌。我气呼呼地坐上了讲台,试着平静一下我恼怒的心。
下课后,我的心情也平静了许多。我想把这件事情告诉数学老师,可一直没等到老师回来。于是我坐在座位上好好想了想:我不应该把试卷仍在他的脸上,这样对他也太不尊重了。而且,如果不是我先羞辱他,他也不会打我。想到这里,我感到很羞愧。于是,我决定向他道歉。
我红着脸,鼓足勇气对同桌说了句:“对不起,上课的时候我不应该那样对你,是我的错。”我羞愧地低下了头。同桌见状,吞吞吐吐地说:“其实——我也不应该打你,都说‘君子动口不动手’,我也有错。”“那我们和好吧!”我连忙说。
最后,我们俩“扑哧”一声笑了起来……我们又重归于好。
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