以德为先以才为后作文框架【一】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
以德为先以才为后作文框架【二】
人之过误宜恕，而在己则不可恕；己之困辱宜忍，而在人则不可忍。对于别人的过失和错误应该采取宽恕的态度，而如果错误在自己那么就不能宽恕；对于自己遇到的困境和屈辱应当尽量忍受，如果困境和屈辱在别人身上就不能袖手旁观，忍心不顾。
记得我上小学时候，教室墙上挂着这样一幅字——严于律己，宽以待人。当时每天见它那样挂着，并没想这句话的深意。在以后的成长中，我发现这幅字就像神奇的法宝，运用得当，总有意想不到的收获。许多成功人士，他们在日常生活中也大都恪守这一处世法则。
某位著名的IT经理，在总结自己的成功时说：“在我看来，人生其实很简单，归根结底就是八个字，‘严于律己，宽以待人’。如果能做到这一点，许多事情就能豁然开朗！”这位经理所说的，正是《菜根谭》所推崇的处世之道——待人要宽，律己要严。
待人为什么要宽？为的是给人自新的机会。律己为何要严？因为不严会放松自我约束，让小错误发展成大错误。这是一种规范的待人之道，也是为人处世最重要的原则。它的核心是强调自悟，对事物的标准，要有一个超然的体悟，对是非的判断，要有一个尽可能客观公正的'把握。一个具备这种高贵品格的人，他的成功将是水到渠成的。
明王朝的建立，大将军徐达功不可没。儿时与朱元璋一起放牛，长大后一起打仗。有勇有谋，深得朱元璋的喜爱。但是，就是这样一位战功赫赫的人，却从不居功自傲，而是律己甚严。
徐达处处跟士兵同甘共苦。遇到军粮不济，士兵填不饱肚子，他主动少饮少食，把口粮节省下来分给他们；大军还没扎好营寨的时候，他从不提前进帐休息，一定会等到大家都安顿好了，他才放下心来；士卒伤残有病，他亲*问，端药治疗；如遇上兵士牺牲，他会更加重视，筹集棺木葬之。所以，明军将士对他无不既感激又尊敬。
在生活方面，他也无声色酒财之好。史书记载说：“妇女无所爱，财宝无所取，中正无所疵，昭明乎日月。”朱元璋曾经赐给他一块好地皮，但正好处于农民的水路必经之地。家臣看到有这个好处，于是用这块地皮谋取私利，向农民征收“过路费”。徐达知道后，马上将此地上缴官府。
朱元璋用严刑重刑，***了包括功臣在内的十多万人，可是徐达却得善终。他病逝于南京之后，朱元璋为之辍朝，悲恸不已，追封他为中山王，并将他的画像陈列于功臣庙第一位，称之为“大明第一功臣”。能逃过朱元璋“诛***功臣”的屠刀，不得不说，这跟徐达严于律己宽以待人的处世之道是分不开的。
在现实中，我们往往又是怎样做的呢？如果你注意观察，就会发现许多人采取的方式恰好相反，他们把这句话颠倒了一下，变成了“严于待人，宽以律己”。对自己很宽松，什么都能做，做了坏事也从不感到羞愧，但对别人却要求极严，犯一点错误就看在眼里，记在心上，有一点小事对不起自己就喋喋不休。
“以圣人望人，以常人自待”，用圣人的标准要求别人，却用常人的标准对待自己。像这样的人，他交不到几个朋友，做起事情来，也很难跟别人顺利地合作。因为他不懂得什么叫做“恕人”，只知道用最苛刻的标准去要求别人，用最宽松的标准对待自己。这是一种严重自私自利的体现。为什么不想想，你有什么资格这么要求别人？又有什么资格如此放任自己？
以德为先以才为后作文框架【三】
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下，从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写，把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程，在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联，对真实交际意图做作出推理，从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解，达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献：
[1]Gutt，Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance：Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford：Blackwell，1991。
[2]Sperber，D。& Wilson，D。Relevance：Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford： Blackwell，1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究，1999，（3）。
[4]蒋坚松，黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京：中国社会科学出版社，2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉：武汉大学出版社，2007。
以德为先以才为后作文框架【四】
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
以德为先以才为后作文框架【五】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
