1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
刘雪莲、刘新昕、孙文晶、周兴亚、降伟岩、胡文河、胡连华、郭晓英、崔京玉、梁淑华10名同志被授予“吉林好人·最美教师”荣誉称号;于潇等10名同志荣获“吉林好人·最美教师”特别关注奖;榆树市弓棚镇武龙中学荣获“吉林好人·最美教师”最佳团队奖。通过播放短片、现场采访等方式,发布活动生动展示了“吉林好人·最美教师”的感人事迹和崇高精神,他们中,有的数十年如一日坚守乡村教育,有的从条件优越的大城市到四川灾区支教,有的把全部心血用在特殊儿童培育中;有的把教研教学与服务农民紧密结合,“把论文写在大地上”;有的则走出校园组建志愿爱心团队,把爱播撒得更多更远……
梁淑华驻守大山深处的偏远教学点30年,每天从事的都是几个年级同时上课的复式教学,她把教学点当成了家,她说:“我不能让山里孩子上不了学,落下一个都不行。”崔京玉的故事让观众潸然泪下,由于癌症复发在外就医,崔京玉没能来到现场,她通过视频表达心意,她说:“我要赶快好起来,回到岗位,培养出更多的优秀学生。”郭立国是“吉林好人·最美教师”最佳团队奖弓棚镇武龙中学的校长,他说,这次获奖,是激励更是鞭策,也是对农村学校教育信息化的支持和鼓励。“今后,我们还要通过数字学校联盟的形式,带动全省更多的农村学校协同、协作起来,带领他们建设数字化校园,培养智慧人才。”手捧着奖杯,郭立国激动不已,“再苦、再累、再难,为了让农村的孩子共享优质资源,我们也会努力下去。”
教师们的事迹深深打动着所有观众。“太感人了!他们对孩子们的爱、对教学一线的执着、对教育事业的情怀,值得我们每个老师学习。”吉林省第二实验学校的老师李岩表示,自己要向他们学习,把爱传递给身边更多的人。王雪超是长春工业大学一名大二的学生,他说:“毕业后,我要像他们一样,做一名优秀的人民教师。”
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
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