1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
青海湖里的水非常蓝,就像蓝天映在湖水里一样。远远望去,蓝天和湖水交融在一起,分不清哪里是蓝天,哪里是湖水。我和妹妹一看到湖水,就兴奋的向湖边跑去,扑通一下跳进了水里,湖水有点凉,可是我和妹妹还是兴奋的玩了起来。青海湖的旁边有大片大片的油菜花,油菜花地里有大风车的建筑,我们在那里拍照玩耍。
晚上,爸爸妈妈告诉我明天要早起,去湖边看日出。
第二天早上五点钟,爸爸就喊我起床,我们一起来到湖边,这时天还没亮,来湖边观看日出的.人越来越多。向东望去,天边慢慢的出现淡红色的霞光,这时,天边露出了半个圆圆的小火球,它一点一点的往上升,我紧紧的盯着东方,丝毫不敢放松,因为我知道太阳马上就要升起来了。过了两三分钟,半个小火球慢慢变成了一个大火球,从湖面上升了起来,湖水被阳光照亮了。
今天早晨九点半,我们乘坐的列车来到了美丽壮观的西宁。
刚下火车,我具有一个感觉:凉!简直可以用冷来形容,凉风一吹,我浑身都起鸡皮疙瘩,冷得我直打哆嗦。这和河南相比简直是两个季节。我立刻向妈妈要了几件衣服,套了上去。啊,好多了。这时我才有心情向四周观看,西宁的楼房林立,比我们濮阳的楼房高多了,连原来在青海生活了十几年的妈妈都几乎认不出了,妈妈说:将近二十年没回来,变化可真大呀!我和爸爸更是感慨万分,因为我们两人是第一次来西宁。贝贝哥哥就在我们感慨的时候出现了,带我们来到了舅舅的车上,舅舅一边开车,一边给我们讲周围的景色,我感觉我的眼睛和耳朵都不够用了,很快就来到了舅舅家的小区——龙源叠翠小区。啊!小区可真漂亮,这么多的高楼,我觉得生活在西宁到人一定很幸福、很快乐。到了贝贝哥哥家,啊,他家的房子可真大呀,要是开生日派对肯定很壮观。
下午,我们去逛商场和超市,这里的商场也很大,货物琳琅满目、应有尽有,让人眼花缭乱,我们给贝贝哥哥买了一身运动服,还选购了一些别的物品。
今天,西宁给我的感觉可真好呀!
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
这个暑假我去了青海,其中有几个地方非常有趣。
第一个趣事地点——门源
来到门源我惊呆了,门源不愧是油菜花之乡,油菜花特别多,而且我们四川的油菜花早开过了,连油菜籽也收了。门源竟然还有油菜花让我们观赏,太稀奇了!我还不停的赞叹道:“门源太美了,油菜花太漂亮了。”有趣的还不止这些,如果你从山上的观花台往下看,
下面被一些青稞和油菜花弄成了一个“盗版稻田迷宫”。太好玩了!
第二个趣事地点——青海湖
青海湖是陆心之海,也是中国最大的咸水湖。青海湖还有一些其他风景:中国鱼雷发射基地、西王母雕像……湖很大周长有三百六十公里。老爸说:“你看湖并不是蓝色的,在不同的地方、不同的角度、不同的季节,青海湖的颜色青或蓝或绿或灰,或赤橙蓝绿黄青紫……很多颜色,有趣吗?是的这是我第一次看见这种景象,太神奇了!
第三个趣事地点——小沙漠
西宁附近有个小沙漠,来到这里,就像来到沙哈拉大沙漠一样。我先爬上沙漠山,刚走了几步就有点怕,怕自己掉下去,后来渐渐不怕了。爬上山顶时我看见一座座沙漠山,树,还能看见青海湖。然后我又去骑骆驼。这只骆驼有两个驼峰,浑身长满了棕色的毛。骆驼的嘴巴时不时地动着,似乎在咀嚼什么东西。我从爸爸那里了解到,这是骆驼在“反刍”,很有趣。上山时我没什么害怕的.,下坡时我抓住驼峰以免摔下来,驼峰很舒服,爸爸还给我照了相。同去的叔叔不小心踩上了骆驼粪,沙漠上没有水,他只好把脚伸进沙漠里“干洗”!!
第四个趣事地点——观鸟台
在二郎剑有一个观鸟台,那里有鸭子看。我们登上观鸟台,从小窗口望去,看见黑灰色和白色的鸭子,人们怕鸭子飞走,就把鸭子的翅膀剪了,太残忍了!不过听说可以给鸭子喂食,所以我和朋友买了一包又一包的食物,但是黑灰鸭子吃我们投的食物,白鸭子不吃,只吃专门放在鸭食盆里的食物。我想:鸭子们吃的太多了,食欲比我还好,这叫鸭子吗?
你是不是动心了呢?那赶快来青海玩吧!
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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