下面谈谈学习毅力的.问题。如果你有坚强的毅力,那么世界上就没有什么难事。学英语关键是能够持之以恒。
在学习过程中,你应该制订一个计划,一天记住几个单词,一天记住一两个句型。你不要小看“持之以恒”的力量。举个例子:
如果你一天背5个单词一年就是1825个单词,相当于初中三年再加高中一年零两个月的词汇量。如果你坚持两年你就能住3650个单词,相当于中学六年包括本科两年的词汇量。
在制订计划时要遵循以下几项原则:
1、计划要切实可行,不要好高务远。上面的例子已经说明,只要你能坚持天天学习,英语一定能学好。
2、要有坚强的毅力,每天都学习,不因为某些事而耽误了学习。如果哪天的工作没有完成,第二天一定要补上。连续不学习的时间不要超过两天。
3、要有一个帐本,哪天学会了哪几个单词,哪几个句型一定记录在案。
4、为了把单词、句型真正学到手,第二天一定要复习第一天的,第三天一定要复习第二天和第一天的内容。
5、所选择的课本可以是一套或两套,千万别太多。实际学英语的书没有什么好坏之分,只要你能按照一套或两
一般说来,用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。on后面常接“来、去”之类的词,at后面常接“听到、看到”之类的词。in后面接其他带动作的词,相对于从属连词“while”。
例1:On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals had covered them.当他把晶体揭开时,发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙,他吃了一惊。
例2:In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.
我在跑下楼的时候,听见钟敲了十二下。
例3:He jumped with joy at hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
介词短语替代定语从句有两种方式:(1省略“关系副词+主语+be动词”,或“关系代词+be动词”;(2根据从句的意思改编。
例1:We have never forgotten the days (when we were at college.
我们从来没有忘记在大学对书的日子。
例2:I don’t know the person (who is in your office.
在你办公司的那个人我不认识。
例3:Those who have high expectations but do not have those relationship skills are likely to be brought down to earth fairly quickly as their Prince or Princess Charming falls off their pedestal.
改为:Those with high expectations but without those relationship skills are likely to be brought down to earth fairly quickly as their Prince or Princess Charming falls off their pedestal.
那些对婚姻期望太高却又不具备处理婚姻关系技巧的人,一旦他们心中的白马王子或白雪公主从神圣的光环里跌落,他们就会很快地回到现实中。
例4:He is not a person who likes to haggle over every ounce.
改为:He is a person above personal interests.
他不是一个斤斤计较的人。
当which引导的定语从句指代主句全部内容时,可以把which改为it,作形式主语,把原来的主句改成正在主语。或者把定语从句的整个信息改换为名词短语作主语,使原来的定语从句变成简单句。
例4: He indulges himself all day in computer games, which makes his parents extremely sad.
改为:It makes his parents extremely sad that he indulges himself all day in computer games.
他整天沉湎于电脑游戏,这使他父母伤心至极。(主语从句
或者:His indulgence in computer games all day makes his parents extremely sad. (名词短语
“现在分词短语”作后置定语
此项要明白三点:(1“现在分词短语”与前面的名词一定是主谓关系;(2它隐含的时态为与谓语动词同一阶段的时态。例如:谓语是一般现在时或将来时,现在分词所隐含的是现在时、现在正在继续时;如果谓语动词为一般过去时或将来时,现在分词所隐含的时态为过去时、过去正在进行时;(3being+-ed表示“正在进行时的被动语态”。如果信息的`中心在什么时候可以用现在分词呢?
(1当被修饰的名词为“不定代词”、“泛指意义的名词”或“专有名词”,可用现在分句短语作后置定语
由于主语是泛指,句子的意思往往表达的是一条“道理”或一件“事实”,所以它们的隐含时为“一般现在时”,此时就可以用分词短语作后置定语。为了看清分词所隐含的时态,配上定语。
为了读者看得明白,配上定语从句,把分词所替代的时间展示出来。
例1:Anyone touching that wire will get an electric stock.
任何人碰到那根电线就会触电。
= Anyone who touches that wire will get an electric stock.
例2:The only real and lasting solution is to convince people that driving is a skilled taskrequiring (=which requires constant care and concentration.
唯一一个有效、持久的方法是说法人们相信,开车是一种技术活,需要不断的小心,思想不能开小差。
例3:Charles and Sydney, looking (=who lookso much like each other, are often considered to be twins.
查尔斯和悉尼两个人的相貌非常相似,经常被人误解为双胞胎。
注:虽然被修饰的词是泛指意义的词,但是如果从句里的时态不是同步,则不可以用“现在分词”去作后置定语,只能用“定语从句”。
例句Do you know anybody who has lost a dog?
你知道有谁丢了一只猫?
(2 当被修饰的名词为特指,即有the限定,可用现在分句短语作后置定语
此类与上面一类一样,与被修饰词之间的关系为主动关系,所不同的是它强调该动词“正在进行”。
例1:Would you help me to pass this note to the person sitting in the corner?
能帮助我把这个条子递给坐在角落的那个人吗?
= Would you help me to pass this note to the person who is sitting in the corner?
注:同上一个“注”道理一样,本项虽然主句的主语是特指,但两个动作时态不是在同一阶段时间内发生,所以也不能用“现在分词”作定语,只能用“定语从句”。
例:The police are questioning the criminal who robbed the bank.
警察在审问那个抢劫银行的犯人。
(4“Being+过去分词”表示“正在进行时的被动语态”
“Being+过去分词”作后置定语等同于含有“正在进行时+被动语态”的定语从句。请注意与下面的“过去分词”作后置定语的区别,此项里的being是不可以省略的,否定表示现在时、完成时和过去时的被动关系了(详见2“过去分词”作后置定语。
例1:The dormitory being built is for girl students.
正在盖的宿舍是给女生住的。
例2:The baby being taken care of by my mother is mine.
正在由我妈妈带的这个婴儿是我的。
“过去分词短语”作后置定语
此项要明白三点:(1“过去分词短语”与前面的名词一定是动宾关系;(2主句为一般现在时或一般将来时,“过去分词”所隐含的时态是“一般现在时”或“现在完成时”。如果有时间/地点状语或有by引导的介词,还可以替代过去时,因为时间/地点状语以及by引导的状语都是强调的是动作。当谓语动词是“一般过去时或过去将来时”的时候,“过去分词”所隐含的时态是“一般过去时”或“过去完成时”。下面同样用分词与定语从句对比的方式要看看“过去分词”所替代的时态。
例1:The risk associated with a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. 对于作出某项行动的决定,集体作的要比个人作的风险小。
= The risk which is associated with a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. (由于主句为一般现在时,从句的时态与它同步,所以可以省略关系代词和助动词
例2:In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit(=which was hit by a hurricane.
在1992年的秋天,爱荷华州的居民将好几辆卡车的水送到受飓风袭击的佛罗里达州人的手里。
例3:I’d like to make some comments on the meeting held (=which was heldyesterday. 我想对昨天召开的会议发表一点看法。
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.tow
hospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChinesewasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.
A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that
12.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
13.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as
14.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.
A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when
15.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.
A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich
16.There’relotsofthings_____IneedtodobeforeIleave.
A.thatB.whoC.whyD.what
17.Doyouliketheredcar______wasmadeinTianjin?
A.whereB.whoC.whichD.when
18.--Doyouknoweverybody______cametotheparty?
--Almost,butIdon’tknowtheone______youtalkedwithnearthedoor.
A.who,/B.whose,thatC.that,whichD./,whom
19.Thisisall_____Iknowaboutthematter.
A.thatB.whatC.asD.whether
同上面一样,At基本上后接sound,sight“听到、看到”之类的词;on接“回来、到达”之类的词;用in,during表示“when, while”;用over表示“while”之意。当然,这一切都是相对的分类。
例1:The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.小女孩一看到蛇就昏过去了。
例2:In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.当我们急急忙忙从这儿到那儿的时候,一路上什么也没有看见。
例3:On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.当他到达火车站的时候,他发现火车已经开走了。
例4:He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.
他本来想去,但进一步考虑后,打消了这个念头。
例5:During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?
在我不在的时候,请帮我照看一下猫,好吗?
例6:He fell asleep over a book.他看书的时候睡着了。
例7:After reelection he announces that he will not help.经过一番考虑后,他宣布将不提供任何帮助。
例8:After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.毕业之后,他去了美国攻读博士。
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