摘要式读书笔记,是在读书时把与自己学习、工作、研究的问题有关的语句、段落等按原文准确无误地抄录下来。摘录原文后要注明出处,包括题目、作者、出版单位、出版日期,页码等,便于引用和核实。摘录要有选择,以是否有用作为摘录的标准。摘录式笔记可分为:
索引读书笔记是只记录文章的题目、出处的笔记。如书刊篇目名、编着者、出版年月日、藏书处。如果是书,要记册、章、节,如果是期刊,要记期号,报纸要记年月日和版面,以备日后查找方便。例如:庄照:《也谈为谁立传》,《光明日报?〈史学〉》。抄录原文读书笔记就是照抄书刊文献中与自己学习、研究有关的精彩语句、段落等作为日后应用的原始材料。摘抄原文要写上分类题目,在引文后面注明出处。
在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1)写给家人、亲戚,用your loving grandfather,lovingly yours,lovingly等;
(2)写给熟人、朋友,用yours cordially,yours affectionately等;
(3)写业务信函用truely yours(yours truely),faithfully yours(yours faithfully)等;
(4)对上级、长辈用yours obediently(obediently yours),yours respectfully(respectfully yours)等。
Dear John,
I am writing to thank you for looking after me after that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, I fear that the consequences might have been much more serious.
The doctor says that my broken leg is healing well. In addition, the taxi company has agreed to pay my hospital bills. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that Emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.
Although nowadays many people talk about the need to be unselfish and to help others, we see very few people practicing what they preach. But you showed by your actions that you are an exception.
Yours sincerely.
唐朝的著名文学家韩愈,在《进学解》里讲他写读书笔记,说:“记事者必提其要,纂言者必钩其玄。”他读记事的历史书,把重要的事件摘记下来。他读哲理书,把主要论点摘出来。韩愈的读书笔记,有几篇还保留在他的集子里。有一篇《读〈鹖冠子〉》。引在下面,看他是怎样写提要钩玄的读书笔记的。其内容如下:
《鹖冠子》十有九篇,其词杂黄老刑名。其《博选篇》,“四稽”、“五至”之说当矣。使其人遇时,援其道而施于国家,功德岂少哉!称“贱生于无所用,中流失舟,一壶千金”者,余三读其辞而悲之。文字脱谬,为之正三十有五字,乙者三,灭者二十有二,注十有二字云。
他先写明这部书有多少篇,没有写作者是谁,什么地方人,因为无从查考,作者没有写出自己的姓名和籍贯。其次指出这部书的内容是讲什么的。这部书属于先秦诸子,先秦诸子分好多流派,所以指出“其词杂黄老刑名。”黄老就是道家,讲黄帝,老子的学说的;刑名就是法家。指出这本书的内容是道家兼法家。再指出这本书中的要点,有篇叫《博选篇》,里面提出“四稽”“五至”的学说,“四稽”指出从四个方面来考察,“五至”要达到五个要求,都是为治理国家打算的。韩愈认为他的学说很恰当,假使他被国君任用,用他的办法来治理国家,功效是不少的。又引了书中的话,说有的东西被看轻,由于没有利用它。比方一个大葫芦,大家看不起它。要是在大河中船翻了,抱了大葫芦就可以救命,这时候一个大葫芦就价值千金了。韩愈反复读这些话,引起了悲哀。书里用大葫芦来比人才,人才弃而不用,所以被看轻,韩愈因此悲哀。韩愈又改正书中的文字脱误,改正三十五个字,把颠倒的字勾过来的有三处,涂去的错字二十二个,旁边注明改正的字的有十二个。
从这篇里我们看摘要的读书笔记是怎样写的。不是把一本书的要点记下来就算。先记下这本书有多少篇,内容主要讲什么的。再记下其中的要点是什么,还要写出自己对这些要点的看法,写出自己的意见。还摘出其中精彩的话,说出自己的看法,最后提到改正书中文字的脱误。从“三读其辞而悲之”看,“三”字虚数,表示反复读。可见韩愈碰到其中精彩的话,不是看过就算,是要反复读的。这就是韩愈写的摘要的读书笔记。里面确实摘记了要点,但还要写出自己对这些要点的看法,包括表达出自己的感情。还要对全书的内容作概括的说明。那就不光把一本书读过就算,读后还要思考,从全书的内容到精彩的篇章,到精彩的话都要考虑,直到对书中的错字都不放过。从这里,我们既可以学习怎样写摘要的读书笔记,还可以学习他是怎样读书的。
Leaders, Members:
My name is Liyuanyuan. Im a boy and I am 12 yeas old, there are 4 people in my family. My father is a Chemistry teacher. He teaches chemistry in Zhengxin senior high school.
My mother is a Chinese teacher. She teaches Chinese in the university. I have an elder brother; he is a junior middle school student and is preparing for the entrance exam.
Im tall and I have a pair of big eyes. Now, I am in Grade 5, my study is not very good, but I like English, so my English is better than others.
I like singing, drawing, playing basketball. I like to read English story books in my free time. Sometimes I surf the Internet and download the English study materials. Because it also enlarges my vocabulary words. I think one day I can master English. Thank you.
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