1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
如果有人问我,哪种美食可以成为乌苏特色美食的代表?我会毫不犹豫的告诉他“满氏八块鸡”。在乌苏吃到八块鸡,是一种难得的享受。 因为它先用极具诱惑力的色彩吸引你的眼睛,以扑鼻的香气吊着你的胃口,然后再用美味满足你的需要。人们品尝了这种鸡肉后都赞不绝口,说只有吃到这种美食时,才能享受到它特有的、筋道的香昧,那独特的滋味是任何其它方法烹制而成的鸡肉无法替代的。
记得当时朋友介绍说:八十四户乡新开了一家“八块鸡”店,我怀着孩子般的好奇心,和朋友一起朝“八块鸡”店奔去。走着走着,一股诱人的香味飘来,抬头一看,通红的炉火在熊熊燃烧着,大铁锅里焖着酱紫色的\'鸡,厨师将一只只鸡捞出,等放凉后去头、爪,切成8块(2腿、2翅、4块鸡身放到大盘里,撒上香葱、香菜、红绿辣椒等,递到一个个早已等候在店里的顾客手中。
听说吃“八块鸡”得提前预约,那天好在店主多做了两只,我们晚去的人才有口福吃到。当“八块鸡”上桌后,仅看红、白、绿、酱红几色相间的颜色,就使人赏心悦目;吃到嘴里,肉质筋道爽口,油而不腻,带着清冽的香气和浓浓的乡土气息,味道纯美独特、亮泽而清新,香气四溢、扑鼻而来、酣畅淋漓。
满氏八块鸡讲究“浓而不腥、麻味适中、辣而不辛、味和绵长”,形成了“肉香筋道有嚼头、鸡味鲜美营养好”的特色风味,深受游客的喜爱,2008年被自治区烹饪协会认定为“新疆名菜”。
“满氏八块鸡”的店老板小满介绍说:八块鸡的制作方法考究、耗时长。首先要选用好食材,要挑选二公斤多重的天然土鸡,宰***后去掉内脏,用清水反复洗净,再用适量的食用盐、姜粉、花椒粉等调料在鸡身上涂抹一遍,使之入味,腌制一晚上,第二天取出晾干后用水煮,待七成熟后晾干再放入油锅炸,炸成油亮金黄后,在铁锅里焖;用文火煨炖到鸡肉离骨时,便可出锅。
“满氏八块鸡”吃法也有讲究,开始吃用筷子夹,后来就戴上塑料手套拿上鸡腿啃,这样才能吃出鸡肉的美味和豪爽。它用独到的工艺,成了与“大盘鸡”、“椒麻鸡”、“香酥鸡”齐名的特色美食,营养丰富、色香味俱佳。但“八块鸡”把“大盘鸡”的麻、辣、酸改为“温和”适中,更符合目前提倡的环保、卫生、健康的新理念。
俗话说:一方水土养一方人。乌苏人简直是把鸡肉做到了极致,不但做法众多、品类丰富,而且还富于地方文化气息。就拿我最爱吃的“八块鸡”来说,可谓源远流长、薪火相传,距今已有近百年的历史了。 据史料记载: 1949年,宋师傅家住在迪化小东梁(现乌苏市和平南路一带。每天快到中午时,他就挑上担子,将制作好的油黄发亮的椒麻鸡挑到财神楼固定点销售,他仔细地把每只鸡的大腿、鸡胸脯从中间分开为两件,这叫做四大件。两个鸡翅膀、鸡脖子和鸡尾部分为四小件,每只鸡都分成八件。并用大瓷盆煨着半盆卤汤,冬天盆下有煤火,什么时候卤汤都是热的,远远地就香气扑鼻;夏季还可以吃凉的,鸡的大小件价格各异,任顾客挑选。
在百年传承中,乌苏美食已融入了乌苏人的文化与精神。纯朴、厚道、热情、坦荡,正是大多数乌苏人的气质和灵魂。所以说,在乌苏品尝乌苏美食,喝乌苏啤酒,品味它的活力与风韵,感悟乌苏美食文化与风貌,是一次很好的享受。可以说,一块鸡肉在口,半个乌苏于胸。所谓“梧桐一叶而天下知秋”,事虽有别,道却相通。
我衷心希望乌苏美食“满氏八块鸡”能够更好、更快地发展壮大起来,走出乌苏,开拓出越来越大的消费市场,打造出更大、更强、更有吸引力和竞争力的品牌,创造出日新月异的美食,奉献社会。
湖州周生记馄饨店是有着悠久的历史传统,也是湖州的小吃。在湖州也有许多人喜欢吃周生记馄饨店里的馄饨。周生记馄饨是产于1949年。每天,周生记馄饨店里就有许多人来光顾,骨时,由于人太多了,许多客户都 没有位置,都只好站着吃,但是他们依然很开心。
周生记馄饨烧好后,香味就纷纷散开,芬芳扑鼻,馄饨的皮色泽鲜亮,如果吃上一口,馄饨美味的汤汁就咕噜咕噜地流进了你的嘴巴里,馄饨里的肉馅而淡,味道正好,吃好了以后,就会让你再想吃一碗,有许多客户都称周生记的馄饨‘水晶元宝’。现在,周生记 馄饨推出了许多 新的\'产品,比如;河鲜馄饨、鱼鲜馄饨……
我们湖州有许多有名的小吃,比如:太湖三宝、周生记的馄饨、震远同的酥糖……
但最令我回味无穷的是丁莲芳的千张包了。千张包是丁莲芳先生发明创造的。丁连芳先生是一个怎样的人呢?我查了查资料,原来,丁莲芳先生以前是一个买菜的人,过了好长时间丁莲芳先生想干大事业,他想:如果想干大事业,就必须做出与众不同的东西。所以他发明了千张包,至今已有一百二十多年的历史了呢!被评为中华名小吃。有一次,爸爸带我去吃千张包。
刚跨进门,我就被那古香古色的装饰给吸引了。大厅里客人络绎不绝,我马上找了一个座位,房子里热闹非凡。过了一会儿,服务员端着两碗千张包来了。我仔细地打量着她们,她们也穿得古香古色的,上面绣着美丽的花儿。我的目光又转向了千张包。小小的碗里放着两个“夜明珠”,我慢慢地把皮儿吃掉,再轻轻地咬了一小口,哇!鲜鲜的汤汁渗了出来,里面有鲜鲜的虾米,香香的猪腿肉,还有白白的河蚌肉。
再来看看米粉吧!每一根都晶莹剔透,真是美不胜收呀!我喜欢丁莲芳千张包,如果你想品尝,那就快来湖州吧!
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
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