榜样作文的框架【一】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
榜样作文的框架【二】
人的本性是不甘落后的。在生命的旅途中，我那一点一点的进步，都归功于心目中的榜样。
人们常说父母是子女的第一 任 老师。在我的心中，妈妈始终是我思想上的导师、榜样。妈妈是一位普通的小学语文教师，工作虽平凡，但她却一丝不苟，每天晚上，妈妈都要改成批的作业，有时没作业改还为我们备课，督促我做作业。她显得那样伟大与崇高!我每天都在想：妈妈这样辛苦工作，我还有什么理由不去好好学习呢？
如果说妈妈是我生活上的榜样，那韩怡便是我学习上的榜样。在一大群女生当中，她是骄子。她的成绩是靠她的勤奋刻苦获得的。当四周的同学的同学都在嬉笑谈天时，她还在专心致志，沉浸在知识的海洋中。
一次，有道题解了好久也没眉目，脑子里一片空白，只得去请教她。她并不是我想象中的神童的速度，而是像平时一样，用手指轻轻推了推眼镜，陷入了沉思……
清晨我刚进教室，“我做出来了！”转头一看，只见她冲我一笑，从书包里拿出一本簿子，上面写满了解题过程，画了十几个图形。我惊讶地望着她，脸上堆满了笑……
榜样的力量是无穷的，在她们的感召下，我一年又一年地被评为“三好学生”。愿更多的人成为我榜样，使有限的生命充满阳光！
榜样作文的框架【三】
生活中榜样是不可缺少的，他不是远在天边就，而是就在你的身边，用心温暖着身边的身边的每一个人。
记得五年前的一天，我和我表哥在新华书店挑书。书店里人山人海，我紧跟在哥哥身后，可不久，我就发现哥哥不见了，我和哥哥走散了，我急的像热锅上的蚂蚁一样团团转。
这时一位身穿黑色运动服，带着个黑色墨镜的一位高大的一位叔叔发现了我，我看他像电视里的坏人一样，下意识地往后退了两步，他好像看出了什么似的，连忙走过来。我害怕地想着：完了完了，他不会要卖了我吧？我已经走到了死角，出了一身汗。他走过来拍拍我的肩，轻声说：“小朋友你怎么了？”我十分害怕，忙慌张地摇了摇头。但他仍然面带微笑地说：“你有什么麻烦，或许我能帮你。”我心想：这个书店这么多人，想抢劫也没那么容易，只要我不跟他出这个书店，他就不敢把我怎么样。前后都是一死，不如信他一回，或许能帮助我。我对他小声地说：“我和哥哥走散了。”他抓了抓头发说：“跟我去个地方，可以帮助你。”“去哪？”“服务台。”他淡定地说。我觉得他是真心想帮我，就跟他一起来到了服务台，他对那个服务员说：“这位小朋友和他哥哥走散了，麻烦你找一下。”这是，传来了悦耳的声音：“×××小朋友的哥哥请注意……”不久，哥哥跑过来，原来哥哥也一直在找我，我告诉哥哥是这位叔叔帮我的，哥哥连忙道谢，他只说了句“不客气”。便走开了。
助人为乐的精神，在他的身上闪烁着耀眼的光芒，他激励着我努力学习，将来尽最大努力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
榜样作文的框架【四】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
榜样作文的框架【五】
榜样的力量是无穷的，他们在我们走向成功的过程中起重要作用。榜样给我们树立的美好形象，总在我们心中撒下道德的种子，用我们的爱心和善良去浇灌培养，最终就会使我们获益终生。每个人都有自己的榜样，我也不例外，我的榜样就是张师傅。
张师傅是我们“活雷锋” ，他高高瘦瘦，黑黑的脸上总是荡漾着幸福的微笑，有一次，我没这栋楼里的下水道堵了，家里的污水排不出去，不巧的是物业的下水道工人因为生病没有来上班，楼道里弥漫着一股难闻的味道，怎么办呢？没有人会去愿意疏通那个臭气熏天的下水道，张爷爷知道后，自告奋勇要去疏通下水道，一些人劝他说下水道里面的气味难闻，怕他受不了，二再加上年纪大了会有很多不方便，可张爷爷的性子很倔强，他决定的事，就是九头牛都拉不回来。说干就干，张爷爷带着橡胶手套，身上穿着下水道工人的工作服，像个真正的疏通工人，张爷爷去疏通下水道时，我们在外面等着，一个小时，两个小时......整整三个小时过去了，张爷爷才缓缓的出来，虽然他身上散发着一股难闻的气味，可我似乎感到他身上有一种人格的芳香，下水道终于通了，我们这栋楼的人们都感动不已，有的说要请张爷爷吃饭，有的要给张爷爷钱，都被张爷爷婉言谢绝，他说：“为人民服务是我最大的快乐，能为你做点事我已经很高兴了，那还会奢求回报呢？”
张爷爷用他的爱心为他人服务，我也要向他学习，张爷爷，你永远是我的榜样。
榜样作文的框架【六】
Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的，他们合着的《关联性：交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面，其影响力已超出了语用学领域，延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解，要正确的理解自然语言，就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联，然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效，其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此，关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
