1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
寒假到了,我们全家决定到徐州玩。
怀着兴奋的`心情上了车,在煎熬了5个小时的高速行程后,映入眼帘的是大大小小的建筑。数不胜数的高楼大厦让我为之一振。“酷!”我高兴地跳起舞来。
“孩子,我们马上就到汉王兵马俑馆啦!”爸爸亲切地说。“哦耶!”我像一支离弦的箭冲了进去。
我被眼前的景象迷住了:高高矮矮的松树笔直地站着,活像一个个士兵;小河里的水清澈见底,鱼儿时而浮出水面跟孩子们打招呼呢;更引人注目的是立在山顶上的一座高塔,一眼望不到头。
我们一路上谈笑风生,不一会儿就走到了汉王纪念馆。里面的雕像精彩纷呈:大将手持宝剑,威风凛凛;宫女翩翩起舞,窈窕多姿;各类兵器让我大饱眼福……爸爸说:“这些画蕴藏着很深的意思,回家我一定要搞清楚!”
第二站——兵马俑博物馆。见识了举世闻名的金缕玉衣。“好精美的艺术品啊!“我们全家一起尖叫道。听讲解员介绍,这是用金丝串接的玉片,再镶在一块儿,经过很多道工序制成。我的眼前仿佛浮现出古代的能工巧匠埋头工作的场景。再往里走,大大小小的兵马俑展现在我眼前,气势十足;大型兵佣手握钢枪,忠实地守护着主帅,简直就是一大奇迹!一股自豪感油然而生……
参观完兵马俑,我们又进行了登山的旅程。山路很陡峭,我们费了九牛二虎之力才到达了山顶。一座高塔赫然眼前,拾级而上,不知不觉来到顶层的“幸福大钟”旁。我敲响了大钟,心里无比高兴。
这次的徐州之旅增长了我的见识,以后我还要去游览祖国的大好河山!
有一天,小明拿着两个陶瓷盘子去装西瓜,是为了招待来他家玩的小强。结果,地上有水,小明为了保持平衡不摔跤,一不小心就把陶瓷盘子摔烂了。他们两个人非常着急,把妈妈的陶瓷盘子摔烂了,应该怎么办?
小明正要把摔烂的陶瓷盘子扔到垃圾桶,站在一旁的小强说:“等一下,我们可以好好利用这两个陶瓷盘子,把它们变废为宝。”小明想了想:也可以,要不然摔坏妈妈的陶瓷盘子,妈妈也会心痛,把他们变废为宝还有用。于是他们想:把陶瓷盘子用来做什么好呢?小强突然跳起来高兴的对着小明说:“我们可以比赛在陶瓷盘子上画画,看谁画得好,怎么样?”小明想了想,兴奋的说:“好吧,我们可以把他们变为装饰品。”
于是,小强就迫不及待的去小明的书桌上拿了水彩和笔。他们想了想,不知道应该画什么。小强看了看两个陶瓷盘子的形状像鱼,就说:“我们画鱼吧!”说着,他们就拿起画笔画了起来。
画完了,他们把自己画好的鱼挂在墙上,他们互相看了看对方的作品,觉得都很不错,小明说:“这一次就算我们打了一个平手,下一次绝对要分出胜负来!”
妈妈回到了家,看到了他们画的鱼,不但没有骂他们,还表扬了他们,说:“你们这样废物利用非常环保,没有用的东西又有它的利用价值了!”
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
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