现代文阅读是中考的一个重点,更是一个难点。在做阅读训练题时,有很多学生整体把握很好,也能准确地按照题目的要求答题,但是由于其表述缺乏规范性而导致失分较多,主要表现在:
①不能用完整的句子特别是陈述句回答问题,句义表述不完整;
②语言表达不流畅;
③答题抓不住重点,答非所问。
针对这些问题,复习过程中必须做到以下几点:整体感知,把握内涵,重点突破,领会主旨;审查题干,筛选信息;严整表达,突出重点。在整个答题过程中,必须做到以文章为中心,做到“词不离句,句不离段”,筛选信息,顾“文”生“义”,从文中找答案。不论是记叙性的叙事散文,还是时代性强的议论文,或者是科技性的说明文,题目的设计都与文章的中心有密切的联系,而文章的主题根植于文章的内容,内容决定文章的主旨内涵,所以在阅读中一定要强调整体阅读与感知,在了解并熟知文章内容的基础上,找准重点语句,把握文章内涵。如,进行记叙文的阅读训练时,整体阅读后总要设置这样一系列问题:
①请用一句话概括这篇文章的主要内容;
②读这篇文章,你感觉本文作者想传达给你什么样的信息?
③你对本文的写作方法有什么评价?
④如果让你出题,你将设置什么样的题目?
⑤细读所设置的题目,看作者是就哪些段落进行设置的?
⑥文中你最感兴趣的语句段是哪些……通过这一系列题目的设问,学会感知文段,有准备地答题。同时,要认真分析题目的要求,善于从已知条件中发现可用的信息,从设题与相关语句段的关系中找答题的依据和思路方法。切忌在做题中断章取义或不看题目、无目地或想当然地答题。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
语言的积累与运用是语文的基础,在中考试题中占20分左右的分值,考查内容为初中语文课本中的语音、汉字、词语的运用和语法、标点、句子的实际运用以及文学常识和诗句的默写。对于这些知识点,学生应将所有知识进行分类整理,并强化记忆,用做知识卡片、读背、默写、听记的形式熟记于心。字词音义、诗句默写等内容,可每周进行一次默写训练,这样不仅能熟记,还能记得准确,保证在考试中不丢失分数。
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