高考作文评分标准说明（高考作文评分标准及评分细则表） - 学习作文网

高考作文评分标准说明【一】

Make Up Your Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.

The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive（正面的）than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PHD, calls them” the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research

has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能 is genetic – you’re a born

artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent

and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego（自尊）isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the

world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets byencouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she

says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

( 57. What does the author think about the present generation?

A. They don’t do well at school.

B. They are often misunderstood.

C. They are eager to win in sports.

D. They are given too much praise.

( 58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .

A. doesn’t want to work hard

B. cares a lot about personal safety

C. cannot share his ideas with others

D. can succeed with the help of teachers

( 59. What does the growth mind-set believe?

A. Admitting failure is shameful.

B. Talent comes with one’s birth.

C. Scores should be highly valued.

D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

( 60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?

A. Encourage them to learn from failures.

B. Prevent them from making mistakes.

C. Guide them in doing little things.

D. Help them grow with praise.

Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact，not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.

So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities？Get ready for a short lecture，especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.

Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that，the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time，other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied，then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.

An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.

Assistant，associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.

Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead，they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.

A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position，to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.

Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes，but they may or may not have a doctorate.

1．In which column of a newspaper can the passage probably appear?

A．Education.

B．Entertainment.

C．Politics.

D．Sports.

2．Which of the following positions should have a doctoral degree?

A．Instructors and lecturers.

B．Assistant professors and instructors.

C．Lecturers and adjunct professors.

D．Assistant and adjunct professors.

3．According to Paragraph 3，how long can an assistant professor stay in his or her position at most?

A．13 years. B．12 years.

C．7 years.D．8 years.

4．Which one shows the correct order for a professor's development?

a．An assistant professor.

b．An instructor.

c．A full professor.

d．An associate professor.

A．b，a，d，c B．b，d，a，c

C．c，a，d，b D．b，c，a，d

5．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Those teaching in a university are all professors.

B．You'd better learn about it before being a professor.

C．Those without a doctoral degree can't find a job.

D．Professors in a university share the same duties.

答案：DADA，ADDAB

高考作文评分标准说明【二】

尊敬的人类朋友：

你们好！

你们知道吗？你们的祖先曾经悠闲自得地在这块森林里漫步，他们每次走进森林都会带给我们许多美味。那时我们鸟类愉快而又安逸地生活在这片土地上，不受外人干扰，你们的祖先也过着舒适而又快乐的生活。那平静的泉水源源不断流向东边，顺溪而下。大雁栖息在树枝上窃窃私语，成群的麻雀在你们祖先头上盘旋。各种动物在森林里穿梭不息，一派繁忙景象。

时光流逝，过了不知多少时间，森林里已经没有了那片安宁，只有一片沉默的恐惧。大雁已经不再窃窃私语，麻雀躲在窝里不安地四下张望。你们人类拿着枪布下天罗地网捕***我们，让我们一刻也不得安宁。我们的好多同伴被你们逮住，成了你们的盘中餐，我们还有好多同伴被你们囚禁在笼子里失去了自由。你们人类的汽车、轮船、飞机、工厂大量排放烟雾，空气难闻死了，我们在天上连方向都看不清楚。兄弟姐妹们得了一些稀奇古怪的病，没力气，头晕晕的。

人类朋友，你们这是怎么了？请你们三思，为了你们的幸福，像你们的祖先那样爱护我们吧！

此致

敬礼！