话题作文常用短语【一】
话题作文常用短语【二】
喻证法是用设喻来论证论点的方法。
在议论文中，设喻可以使论点更易懂、更风趣、更容易获得读者的认同。喻证法能化抽象为具体、化艰深为浅显、化枯燥为生动。
运用喻证法必须注意以下三点：
1、以小见大，就近取譬。要精选生活中细小的、人们熟悉的事物做为设喻的喻体。喻体如果不是读者常见熟知的，就达不到喻证的目的。
2、喻体不求形似，求神似。做为喻证的喻体与做为比喻的喻体不同。比喻的喻体是为了强调特征，描绘事物，侧重形似，以形比形；而喻证的喻体是为了阐发观点，以正视听，力求神似，以义取形。一定要对自己所要论争的对象和用来设喻的事物之间的对应关系进行细致入微的体味与揣摩。
3、精剖喻体，丝丝入扣。《拿来主义》中鲁迅先生的喻证法运用得是很经典的。他用“大宅子”比喻“文化遗产”；用“孱头”、“混蛋”、“废物”来批判三种对待文化遗产的错误观点和态度；用“鱼翅”、“鸦片”、“烟枪、烟灯”、“姨太太”来比喻文化遗产的几个组成部分；用“占有”、“挑选”、“创新”来说明批判继承文化遗产的三个步骤。十分贴切，浑然一体，令人信服并不由得拍案叫绝。
话题作文常用短语【三】
比较法也是一种常见的论证方法，分对比与类比两种。
话题作文常用短语【四】
朋友胜金钱。
2 Верному ругу цены нет.
忠实的朋友是无价之宝。
3 помогать ругу выйти из труного положения
帮助朋友摆脱困境
4 отать всё за ружу
为友谊奉献一切
5 уметь ружить с окружающими люьми
善于和周围的'人交朋友
6 Дружа - это лизкие， оверительные отношения.
友谊就是亲近信任的关系。
话题作文常用短语【五】
例证法也叫事例论证，是用令人信服的典型事例来证明自己论点正确的一种方法。它是议论文写作中最常用的一种论证方法。“事实强于雄辩”，在典型的事例面前，道理不言而喻。
要用好例证法，必须注意以下几个方面：
1、事例要典型、确凿、有影响力。一般来讲，应优先考虑著名的人物或事例，慎用校园、家庭、市井街头的琐碎事例。
2、事例的叙述要简明扼要，切忌拖泥带水，过于详细。举例是为了证明观点，不是为了弄清事实，切忌本末倒置。
3、事例切忌单一狭隘，要丰富广阔，要点面结合，古今中外相映成辉。同类事例掌握多时可考虑采用句式排比列举。
4、事例列举之后要简短分析，不能将例证法变成事例整理，忌有例无证。
5、勤于积累，精于筛选。“书到用时方恨少”，平时多读书报，摘记、剪贴是主要手段。积累多了，自然能融会贯通、左右逢源。
话题作文常用短语【六】
1） Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2） Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3） Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4） Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5） Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6） Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7） Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8） According to a recent survey, ……
9） With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． ，
4．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．
5．．．．has many advantages．For example，…
6. However，just as every coin has two sides，…has it’s disadvantages．
II…play(san important role／part in……
1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．
2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．
3．Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．
4．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．
5．Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness．
6．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
7．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now，telephone，email，and fax have taken their place．
III．With the development of…
1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car.
2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．
3．With the rapid development of Science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．
4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious．
6．With more and more women entering the society，people's attitude towards women is changing．
7．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of，a significant number of
families can afford a car．
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments／statements，but…
四、批驳
1）It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2） There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3） Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4） Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5） A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6） It makes no sense to argue for ……
7） Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8） Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9） Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10） No one can deny the fact that ……
11） The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12） Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13） Recent studies indicate that ……
14） There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15） According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 ：
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型：
1） From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2） It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3）. We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population．
4）. We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．
5）. The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．
6）. Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．
7） It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8） In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9） There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10） To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11） In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12） With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13） We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14） Taking all these into account, we ……
15） Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分，表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank．
There remains nothing more to be done．
There is no point in talking about it again．
There is something you don't know．
There is not enough time to do the work． ．
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化，从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1．由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化：The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons．
2．由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化：One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves．
3．用of连接含有by的短语，把简单句转换成名词短语
