所谓天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福,生活中既然存在机遇,那也必然会有挑战,没有谁能一帆风顺,所以当新困境降临时需要我们巧妙地应对。
应对,首先需要我们积极面对问题,不论困境还是危机,正视它,面对它,才能找到解决问题的方法,其次才是利用最优策略克服难题。
“应”便是面对问题的过程。孔子厄陈蔡,作《春秋》;屈原放逐,著《离***》;左丘失明,厥有《国语》,可见有些灾厄就算是圣贤也难以避免,但圣贤之所以为圣,是因为他们抱有积极的态度正视苦难,若孔子确信仁政难以推行便消极避世,那么句句箴言的《论语》又如何启示后人。可见接受困厄的.豁达态度,给予我们克服它的机会,再高明的对策也建立在面对问题之上。
“对”便是通过行动真正采取有效措施的过程。有了“应”,只是接受了存在问题这一事实,而“对”则能切实的解决问题。于个人而言,宫崎俊先生承受幼年丧母之痛,而《龙猫》这部寄予了温情与陪伴的影片便是他对人生逆境的一次回击,他用实际行动创作一部部经典,是对童年所缺失的爱的一次弥补,同时也将温情与美好带给观影者。于国而言,‘行动’更显重要,2020全面小康计划,通过走访贫困户、深入研究、借鉴国际经验,脱贫攻坚依靠的是切实可靠的方针,并且有条不紊的加以实施,在取得了今日的脱贫的显著成效。
面对新情况,新困难,为求解决问题最有效的方法,“应”与“对”则不能分离,且缺一不可。只接受问题而不施展对策,一切都无济于事,而回避问题本身,对策不过是空谈,毫无针对性可言。
在疫情严峻之际,“应”与“对”的合二为一才取得了抗疫的最佳效果。群体免疫和避之不谈,这类消极面对问题的态度的后果是毁灭性的,而同时未在第一时间采取封城措施,疫情便会迅速蔓延形成燎原之势。可见只有迅速的正视问题,立即采取有效措施,才能从病魔的手中救下数以万计的生命。
结合应与对各自的智慧才是最优策略,带给我们的是面对面对“新情况”时充足的底气与自信。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
学校中有很多的团队,每一个团队间都有可能发生冲突,其中,篮球队和田径队的事件,搞得两方人马都非常生气,而我呢?就被夹在中间,变成夹心饼干了!
一开始都好好的,自从田径队换了一个教练,一切都变了,篮球队开始不让我去练田径,教练抱怨:“篮球是都不用练了吗?”我心里想,教练以前不会这样的啊,为什么田径队教练换了一个人之后,就变成这样了?
最近,我面临了一个小学生涯中最可怕的选择,大家开始说:“你一定要选一边,看你要篮球还是田径!”我听了真的好伤心,我想,为什么我的好朋友们都变得跟教练一样了呢?每天都要面临他们出的这些难题,我觉得我的脑袋真的要爆了,我不是因为怕累才不去练球,是因为一想到练球时,同学们的酸言酸语,就会像大洪水一样的向我涌来,我就不想练了,有时我想放弃,但是想要那些对我很好的.朋友,又会觉得对不起他们。
篮球队教练真的很让人不舒服,有可能他不知道自己说出来的言语,刺到可以伤了别人的心,更会在别人的心里留下了一道永远不会消失的伤疤。
有一些话我想跟教练、同学、队友说,有可能你们会觉得,我是因为以为自己很强才不去练球,你们不知道其实我的心里是很纠结的,如果你们这样觉得,那我想告诉你们,你们永远不可能感受到我内心受到的打击和痛苦有多大的!
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
“应对”分为两个阶段,一是面对,二是做出相应的反应。学会如何应对,就要分别从这两个阶段入手。
对于“面对”这一阶段而言,首先要做好充足准备。面对美国突如其来的制裁,华为当即启用了自主研发的芯片,顺利度过此次危机。这得益于任正非长久以来的忧患意识,他曾表示:自己会假设最坏的情况,做最坏的准备。因此,他创立海思,早早地为他的“假设”做准备。由此看来,充足的准备不仅可以带来思想上的不紧张不慌乱,也为着手应对打下了坚实的基础。
不仅如此,“面对”还需要积极的态度。生活中,总会出现一些“新”情况:当你期待着考试成绩时,结果却出乎你的意料;当你正为公交车有了wifi而开心时,票价却涨了,无数件“假如生活欺骗了你”的.事情,是我们不断面对的。这时,乐观积极的态度至关重要。“没关系,继续努力,下次一定考出好成绩。”“那我的多用一会儿wifi了!不能白涨价!”鼓励的话,幽默的话,都是为了调整好心态去面对不同的事。无论如何,也要保持“阴沟里看星星”的乐观向上的态度,笑面生活,给自己好好生活的动力和精神上的自我支撑。
面对过后便是做出反应。
“做出反应”需要机敏、灵活。面对火灾、地震等重大突发事件,多数人都不能及时做出反应,脑中一片空白,学习过的应急措施也会忘得一干二净,但是,通过训练的消防员却能在危机时刻快速想到解决办法并采取措施。当新情况来临时,人们不免会有心理和行为上的慌乱、恐惧,此时,机敏灵活便成为我们应对的重要条件之一。
光有机敏的行动,灵活的措施还不够,还需要抓住机会。
张伟丽作为亚洲首位UFC女子草量级冠军,在17岁伤退后的北漂生活中,抓住每一次锻炼的机会。在健身房打工就借这次机会利用好健身房的便利条件恢复机能,练习拳击,为自己的梦想努力。
抓住每一次机会,是给自己做出反应多些选择的路径,为应对问题提供无形的条件。
疫情到来,我们从刚刚“面对”时的不知所措到井然有序地“反应”采取措施,每个应对阶段都有着不同的准备。这次突发疫情,我们迅速又有效的“应对”也给了我们启示:成长路上不断出现的新情况,或是一次惊喜,或是一次晴天霹雳,我们要学会如何快速应对,如何有效解决。每一次心态的调整,“吃一堑,长一智”的思想准备以及行为上的灵活都显得至关重要。
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