Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
小时候,我最害怕的就是爸爸妈妈都去上夜班的晚上。家里只剩我一个,这时候,什么小偷啊、鬼啊、老鼠啊……马上涌上我心头。
记得有一次,爸妈又上夜班去了。我洗完澡后就写作业,不一会儿就写完了。于是,我打开电视想轻松一下。这时候,电视一片白花花的。唉,真是祸不单行啊!电视没得看,我的脑子就开始胡思乱想,怕小偷进屋偷东西,又怕老鼠来咬我,又怕鬼来把我吃掉,又怕……这时候的我拼命地叫自己别乱想,可脑子就不听话。突然,我的脑子里闪过一个念头:小偷不是怕警察叔叔吗?于是,我拿出纸,画了一位威武的警察叔叔,贴在门上。接着,我又画了一只大黑猫,看那些讨厌的老鼠敢不敢出来咬本小姐!吃了这些“定心丸”,我的`心不再胡思乱想,随手拿起一本作文书看了起来。时间过得真快,一晃就到了九点半,妈妈回来了。妈妈问我是怎么回事,我便一五一十地告诉了妈妈,妈妈还夸我聪明呢!
从那以后,我发现了一个人在家并不可怕,有时还挺好玩呢!只是看你会不会一个人去寻找乐趣。
现在中国流传着一个非常可怕的病,这个病的名字就叫做H7N9禽流感,中国目前确诊109例感染者,其中22人死亡。人们因为这件事再也不敢吃鸡蛋、鸡、鸽子……
其实H7N9禽流感病毒并没有我们想象的那么可怕,因为禽流感可防、可控、可治。
禽流感期间,多吃蟹味菇、白玉菇等食用菌类!因为菇类除了具有蔬菜拥有的维生素,矿物质和纤维素外,还含有2。7%的植物蛋白质和20多种氨基酸,是最接近肉类的`蔬菜品种。更重要的是蟹味菇、白玉菇等高端食用菌具有抗病毒提高免疫力的功效!
发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触,对鸡肉等食物应彻底煮熟;保持室内空气流通,尽量少去空气不流通场所;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。H7N9是家禽、飞禽中传播的一种病毒性传染病,截止今天,我国发现的60个病例都是直接来自于禽类的传播,还没有发现人与人之间的传播。鉴于此,预防此病的主要手段就是截断病禽与人的接触。北京发现的一例是家禽饲养户,上海发现的病例均有病禽接触史。
所以只要我们按照上面的建议去做,就会离H7N9远远的,所以禽流感并不可怕,因为它可防、可控、可治。
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