(一髙中语文新课标中有关选修课程的要求
高中课程设置中已有相当长的一段历史,但还没有哪一个课程标准(教学大纲像这次的新课程标准一样对选修课程作了如此详尽的说明,可见国家对选修课程的重视。按照三级课程管理模式,选修课程包括国家选修课程、地方选修课程和校本选修课程。高中语文选修课程的特点已出台的《普通高中语文课程标准(实验>作了详细的说明。
(二新课标理念下语文选修课程的特点
按照《普通高中语文课程标准(实验》的要求,国家高中语文选修课程分为“与散文、小说与戏剧、新闻与传记、语言文字应用、文化论著研读”五个系列,每个系列可设计若干模块,学校应按照各个系列的课程目标,根据本校的课程资源特点和学生的需求有选择地设计模块,开设选修课课程。对于模块的内容组合以及编排方式,学校可以根据实际情况灵活处理。从总体上看,新的高中语文选修课程具有如下特点:
1.性质上的工具性与人文性统一。新的高中语文课程标准明确规定语文课程的性质是工具性与人文性的统一。作为语文课程的重要组成部分之一,选修课程必然体现工具性与人文性的统一,“工具性的核心是培养学生的工具性,人文性的核心是培养学生的人文精神”。高中语文选修课程分为五个系列,即“诗歌与散文、小说与戏剧、新闻与传记、语言文字应用、文化论著研读”,它们的设置就很好地体现了工具性与人文性的结合。
2.设置上的专题性与针对性。课程标准明确规定选修课程的开设应遵循多样选择的原则:既要注重基础性,又要关注学生学习的选择性和差异性。五个课程系列的开设其选材范围必然很广也很自由,但这并不是说选修课程处于无序状态,五个系列可以视为是五个专题,它们之间具有相对的独立性与完整性。语文选修课程的设置除了专题性以外还有一个重要特点就是针对性,这主要表现在三个方面。首先我们知道语文选修课程是针对必修课程的重要补充;其次选修课程是针对语文的实际应用;再次选修课程是针对学生的探究式、研究性学习方式设置的。
3.实施上的灵活性。语文选修课程的实施具有灵活性。我们知道新的课程改革实行三级的'课程管理模式,这就给课程的直接实施者学校带来很大的自主权。灵活性一方面指的是学校可以根据本校的课程资源和学生的学习需求根据系列设计模块,开设选修课。灵活性的另一方面是指学生可以以根据自己的学习需要及能力灵活地选择自己所需的课程,使学生能够在保证统一的基本要求的前提下,满足不同地区,不同层次的学生的多样的广泛的不同要求,这也说明了语文选修课程比必修课程具有更大的发展空间和灵活性。
As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.
Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. Firstly, the higher rating means the higher quality of the product, or better service.
Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.
Secondly, ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping. For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
作为消费信息的主要渠道,评级是我们消费中购物的有效信息来源。有趣的是,同样的评级可能对不同的消费者产生不同的影响。
我倾向于咨询消费评级无论我购买。首先,较高的评级意味着产品质量的提高,或更好的服务。
根据收视率,我买了我心爱的背包,看了有趣的电影,尝到了美味的食物。
其次,收视率可以节省时间作出决定,在购物。例如,有大量的参考书,我经常用于选择。在这种情况下,根据收视率买书既方便又经济。
毫无疑问,完全依靠消费的收视率是不明智的。评级的利弊往往密切相关。有必要对收视率持客观态度。
I like to travel so much. When holiday comes, I will make travel plans. My friends like travel, too. So we make up the group. Travel means a lot to me. On the one hand, I can broaden my vision. Every city has its own feature and lifestyle, so I can experience different lifestyles. Books can provide us theorical knowledge, but if we go to the place to witness the real scenery, then what we learn from the book will be useful. On the other hand, travel can bring me the new mood. If I live in the same place for a long time and do the same thing every day, my life will be boring. But travel can help me to refresh my mood. When I come back, I am full of energy again.
我喜欢旅游。一到假期,我就会制定旅游计划。我的朋友也喜欢旅游,所以我们会组队一起去玩。旅行对我来说有很大的意义。一方面,我可以拓宽我的视野。每个城市都有自己的特点和生活方式,我可以体验不同的生活方式。书本可以给我们提供理论知识,但是如果我们去那些地方见证真正的风景,我们从书本上学习到的才是真正有用的。另一方面,旅游可以给我带来新心情。如果我很长一段时间一直住在同一个地方,每天做着同样的事情,我的生活就会很无聊。但是旅行能帮我重塑好心情。当我回来时,我就又充满活力了。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
Nowadays,thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, great changes have taken place in countryside. Now let me introduce some changes in details.
如今,由于改革开放政策,在农村发生了巨大变化。现在让我介绍一些具体的变化。
Inthe past, farmers used to live in the huts which were in poor quality. Theywould be destroyed easily in the heavy storm. But nowadays, most farmers havetheir own houses and flats. Some houses are even bigger and more marvelous thanthe ones in the city.
过去,农民们常常住在质量差的小屋。这样的小屋在暴雨中很容易会被破坏。但如今,大多数农民都有自己的房子和公寓。有些房子甚至比城市里的更大、更不可思议。
Inthe past, farmers usually starved to death in disasters, because they hadnothing to eat. But nowadays, farmers can plant many corps to live with or sellthem. No wonder that most of them are wealthy.
在过去,农民通常饿死在灾难中,因为他们没有东西可以吃。但现在,农民可以种植很多庄稼来维持生活或者拿来出售。难怪大部分都是富有的。
Inthe past, farmers were hardly to see the outside world, since they had to trampover the mountains if they wanted to go out. But nowadays, many high ways andtunnels have been built, so it’s convenient for them to go out. Moreover, mostfarmers also have their private cars. Therefore, they can go anywhere theylike.
在过去,农民们很难看看外面的世界,因为如果他们想出去的话,他们不得不徒步翻山越岭。但现在,建立了很多高速公路、隧道,人们出去是很方便的。此外,大多数的农民也有自己的私家车。因此,他们可以去任何他们喜欢的地方。
Inthe past, farmers always suffered from the diseases, because there was nodoctor at all. But nowadays, many hospitals have come into being in countryside, so they can be cured in time.
在过去,农民经常遭受病痛,因为根本就没有医生。但如今,在农村里也有很多医院了,所以他们可以及时得到治愈。
Inthe past, it was difficult for children to study in countryside. Butnowadays, as there are so many schools in countryside, more and morechildren can get a better education.
在过去,农村的孩子很难去上学。但现在,因为在农村有很多学校,越来越多的孩子可以得到更好的教育。
Whata wonderful life in countryside. Maybe countryside will be morethriving than the city in the near future.
在农村的生活是多么美好啊。也许在不久的将来农村会比城市更加繁荣。
Take your time
For thousands of years, animals have trodden a slow path, their spirits together with the body. But our human being's transportation is too fast. The body moves but the soul is left behind. We try to free ourselves in convenience, but we only imprison the soul. Since we invented how to count hours, we do everything to short the time, short the deadline. But the time saved can't be shorten. Nowadays, we spend lots of time staying in front of a TV just changing the channels, while we have no time to talk with a good friend or play with our family. We have plenty of time to search old news on the internet, while we hardly think about our life. In the end, the only thing apparent is our loneliness.
Take your time, please. Try to follow the natural steps and have your own clock. Try to share your time with everybody you love, share your mind, your happiness and sadness. Try to read the world we live in, do not only catch a quick glimpse at the society.Someday, when we know how to spend every second in our life, we can then live our own life.
Withthe rapidly development of electronic technology, the paperless office isbasically realized. We have fewer and fewer opportunities to write, as aresult, we always forget how to write the characters. Moreover, the casualexpression from internet makes us confused about the real meaning of theChinese characters. some people think that while we already have a convenienceway to express ourselves, we do not need to write anymore, well,i could not agree with that.
随着科技的高速发展,无纸化办公室基本实现了。我们有越来越少的机会去写字,结果,我们常常忘记怎样去写字了。再者,网络上出现的随意的表达方式让我们对汉字的正解更迷惘。有些人认为我们都有那么方便的方式来表达自我了,为什么还要继续写字,我不同意这个观点。
Becausethe cell phone has shortcut input method and the computer typing could correcterror automatically, this can not be the reason to refuse to write. In the firstplace, Chinese characters has been used for over 6000 years, it is the spiritand soul of a nation, we should be proud of it rather than not to write itanymore.
就因为手机有快捷输入方式,电脑输入有自动纠错,这不能成为我们拒绝写字的理由。第一,汉字已经被使用了近6000年,是民族的精神和灵魂,我们应该为此自豪而不是不想再写它。
Inthe second place, we could cultivate ourselves when we are writing. Forinstance, masterful calligraphy can be rated as superb works of art, we feelsomething special link to art while we are writing. It is this magical thing thatelectronic technology can not do.
第二,我们写字的时候能够修养身心。例如,高超的书法被视为一种艺术,我们写书法的时候会感受到艺术的气息。这种神奇的事物是科技做不来的。
Inthe third place, even though the technology bring us great convenience, westill in the situation that have to write. It could be embarrassing that youforget how to write when you were asked.
第三,尽管科技给我们带来极大的便利,我们有时候还是要写字的。如果我们被问字怎么写的时候,忘记怎么写,那是很尴尬的。
Finally, Chinese characters are our spirit of culture, we shouldremember how to write it, and write it good.
最后,汉字是我们的文化精神,我们应该记着怎么写,还要写好它。
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