这种结尾方式比较适合于双边结构的作文,在这种写法中,我们要注意的是结尾段由三个要素组成,其中第2个要素是必须的 ,但是句子的数量可以是3句也可以是2句甚至1个句子。首先我们来看一个例子:
I agree that we need to make sure that animals that are used for testing new products have the minimum of suffering. However, I am convinced that animal testing is necessary, and that it will continue to benefit humans in new and wonderful ways。 上面这个例句中,作者将自己的观点隐藏在了一个宾语从句之后,起到了一个欲扬先抑的效果。但是这种效果必须搭配一个展望未来才能起到渲染的效果。我们来对比另外一个例子:
In conclusion, physical punishment can be a useful method of discipline. However, it should be the last choice for parents. If we want to build a world with less violence we must begin at home, and we must teach our children to be responsible。 大家不难发现,2个句子都使用了相似的衔接方式,即首句委婉地回顾全文,将观点的对立面用"让步"的方式表达出来,同时也是对于主体段观点的回顾。然后再是用转折阐述自己的看法和观点。最后再用一个对于未来的期望来支撑自己的观点。这种顺序安排的优点在于对于文章的主体有很好的总结,但同时观点又是非常鲜明有力的,加上对于未来的润色,使得表达更流畅。用同样的方法,我们再来看第三个例句:
To sum up, although there are undoubtedly some problems with increased levels of education, I feel strongly that the country can only progress if all its people are educated to the maximum of their ability。 和前2个结尾不同,第三个结尾尽管也是先回顾了全文,但是它将作者的观点和对未来的期望写在了一个条件状语从句里。如此就给出了我们在构造"展望未来"时的一个思路,即
搭配条件状语从句或者介宾短语跟在观点句之后。此种结尾发展方式同样适用于分析解决型大作文的结尾段布局,比如:
All in all, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of drugs on society. The danger from drugs is too great to ignore。
对于毒品对社会的危害,作者先是承认现状的无法改变,进而乐观地阐述了自己的观点即采取了切实有效的行动后可以减弱其危害。最后用毒品的危害性来对未来作展望。换句话说,在社会类分析解决型议论文中,我们在展望未来时可以考虑用强调其长远的影响作为突破口。又如:
In short, there are several things that the government can do to allow more people to finish school. However, a number of society attitudes also have to change if the country。
This is my first week in ** Senior Middle School.Everything here is new for me.Our school is an old school but it`s very beautiful.I have 50 new classmates in my class.They`re all very excellent, I think, and I felt a little sad.Because I`m too common.But come to think of it,it`s a very good thing.I believe I can also be very excellent if I study with such excellent classmates.I didn`t know why Ms *** chose me to be the committee of study.But I know it`s a good chance for me to raise my ability.All I can do is do my best in the future.I am sure that Ms *** and my classmates can help me when I do something wrong. Because they`re all very kind.It`s a pleasure to work and study with them.I`m really very happy.I`m not an outstanding student in this class,but I can do the same thing like others.I believe I won`t make anyone disappointed.
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
结构完整就是要求行文首尾一贯,条理清楚,层次分明。而要做到这点,就必须掌握议论文的一般结构方式。议论文的结构方式一般有总分式、递进式、对照式、启感式。【高考作文议论文范文及点评】高考作文议论文范文及点评。其中启感式的写法是考场作文的常用结构方式。"启"是指启示类,"感"是指感想类。共同特点是先叙材料,后发感想。感想类可以先叙材料后发感想,也可以边读边感,如文学评论。这种写法一般由"引""议""联""结"四步构成。当然也可以采取"联""引""议""结"或"引""联""议""结"的步骤。
议论文分论点并列式有效模式
在议论文写作中,不少同学时常犯这样的毛病:一篇文章在亮出观点之后,接下来便是举例,举了一个又一个,看看字数差不多了,便收尾简单照应一下中心论点。结果形成了“论点+论据”的格局,这样的文章,再好也只能是及格上下。也有的同学能拟写几个分论点,但又存在这样那样的问题(如:硬贴标签),从而影响作文得分。
当一篇议论文的中心论点明确之后,如何准确地分解成几个分论点,这是写好议论文的一个重要环节。分论点是与中心论点相对而言的,但又从属于中心论点,为论证中心论点而服务。
一篇文章围绕中心论点,一般要分解出两个以上的分论点,这样既摆事实,又讲道理,文章才有说服力;如果不设置分论点,或者分论点立得不好,中心论点就得不到有力的证明。 那么,如何设置分论点呢?下面介绍几种常见的分解方法。
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