“在管理工作中,能用结构解决的问题,就不用制度;能用制度解决的问题,就不靠开会。”然而,大多数校长进入一所心得学校任职时,绝大多数关注的是制度。许多时候,他会认为问题都是不合理的制度带来的,但当他改变了制度后,却产生了另外一些新的问题。因此,要实现学校高效运转,就需要管理者理清学校的组织结构,并弄清其运行机制,把不同的人员清晰地放到组织结构的不同部分中,然后界定他们在组织中各自的职责,从而发挥组织效力,撬动学校高效运转的油门。
在书中,李希贵校长借鉴当前世界著名企业比较推崇的扁平化管理的理念,来构建学校的扁平化治理结构,以重点解决管理存在的“层次重叠、组织机构运转效率低下”等弊端,通过分权来加快信息流的速率,提高决策和治理的效率。在具体的实践中,他根据中小学实际,从功能的角度把学校原有的组织结构进行了拆解,并对拆分出来的一个个“零部件”进行了重新的组织,构建起了由五个部分组成的学校治理结构。这五个部分分别是:战略高层,中层管理者,教育教学一线,支持人员,研发平台,构成了李希贵校长学校管理组织结构。明晰了新的学校结构后,书中一到五章对学校治理的五个部分进行了充分的阐述,界定了学校人员在各组织部门的具体职能。
在对学校组织结构的阐述中,本书中不仅有理论,更有具体的案例,从组织结构入手,既把学校管理的科学特性梳理出来。也提供了方法和工作模型,可操作性很强。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
“撬动油门而不是轮子。”打开李希贵校长的《学校如何运转》这本书,扉页上的这一行字一下子吸引住了我的眼球,激起了我迫不及待读完这本书的***,读完了这本书,我被李希贵校长高超的管理艺术以及勇于变革的勇气所深深地折服。认真读了好几遍,每一次读,都有不同的感受,每一次读,都有不一样的思考。
这是一本学校管理学力作,这本书就如何从学校管理走向学校治理,如何构建学校的治理结构,如何提升学校治理的能级等做了深入的剖析。这些改革举措都在北京十一学校做过充分的探索,有很扎实的实践基础,对于各级教育管理者、中小学校长撬动学校油门,让学校高效运转,极有启发和帮助。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
近段时间拜读了李希贵校长的《学校如何运转》,很受启发。书中很多理论超出了我们的传统认知,但李校长将高大上的理论植根于实际案例,接地气的方式便于理解认识,看似简单的一句话都会引发我们的思考。
书的扉页上“撬动油门而不是推轮子”,简单的一句话告诉我们方法的重要性。而如何撬动学校管理的油门呢?我认为应该是调整好学校结构,理清各个部门的工作和职责,明确责任、权利、利益为每个岗位赋能,让听到炮声的人指挥打仗。对于管理高层来说,就是管好人财物,理清人员的权利和职责,为学校的发展掌舵导航;中层管理人员应该为教育教学支持服务,为师生搭建平台,为学校的发展保驾护航;一线教师通过教育教学促进自身的发展,带来学生的成长,为学校的可持续发展续航。“在管理工作中,要坚持能通过结构改造解决的问题不靠制度,能以制度解决的问题不靠会议。”
“教育学首先是关系学。”教育工作的最大的特征是人对人的影响,因而一所学校产生效益的环节,肯定是师生相处的地方,因为在这里最有可能产生效益,带来学生的成长。一般来说,好的教育一定建立在好的师生关系之上。换句话说,只要有了良好的师生关系,一般也就会产生好的教育效果。
“包容共生,学校是学生可以犯错误的地方。”现在的校园里,学生在老师人前身后常常表现不一,出现这一问题的根本原因就是校园里的过度管理,不允许学生出现问题、犯错误。从某种意义上说,学校是孩子犯错误的地方,在这里,犯错误的成本最低,在这里犯过的错误,孩子将来到社会上能避免重蹈覆辙。当然,我们不能放任对学生的管理,可以对不同年龄、不同特点的学生可能出现的问题进行梳理、汇总,允许这些问题在一定时间来出现,才是教育的开始。当我们的运行机制允许学生犯错,并给教师留足陪伴、引导、教育的时间与空间时,容错机制才能形成。
“评价团队才能形成团队,只有团队才具有良好的组织能力。”都说一个人走得快一群人才能走得远,由此看出团队力量远远大于个人。在一个组织内部,我们应该追求的是合作,通过合作形成组织能力,所谓攥起的拳头有力量。当我们着眼于评价团队,一个年级或同学科的'几位教师目标一致,互相协作,才能产生最好的教育效益,尤其是合作的团队文化带来的微笑、从容、善良,会成为最重要的教育元素影响学生。这些东西远比过度竞争之下的提防、猜忌、迁怒、紧张要好得多。教师群体间当然也需要竞争,但我们需要通过制度设计,避免他们之间个体与个体的高利害竞争,而应该设定一种与不同职级教师、素质标准的竞争。也就是说,竞争不是人与人之间的竞争,而是向更高的素质、标准看齐。
说明文的说明性强,即实用性强。教学中,教师把学生各门学科的.学习内容联系起来,课内外生活结合起来,多让学生留意自己身边的事物,显示说明文学习的指导作用,也能激发学生学习说明文的浓厚兴趣。又如第三册中,学生学过《中国石拱桥》后,仔细观察自己所在地区的某一座桥的特点,摹仿课文介绍卢沟桥的写法,写一则200字左右的短文。多数学生兴趣很高。
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