餐桌,许多猫吃鱼,就一只猫捉老鼠,别的猫说:“有鱼吃还捉老鼠?
I’m very happy to receive your letter, and I’m glad to hear that you will go to China to learn Chinese here. I have already found a fiat for you. It is on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you there, and it is one stop before the Chinese School. The flat is on the third floor with 3 rooms, one of which is bedroom, the other two are bathroom and kitchen. There are a bed, a sofa, a desk and some chairs in this 25 square-metres small fiat, and the rent is 500 yuan per month. Maybe this fiat is not as good as your wish, but I’ll try my best to meet your needs. If it is not suitable enough, write to me and I will look for another better place.
Hope you will come here soon!
All the best!
Yours,
Li Hua
一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来,英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。
1. Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. When和Where:是在何时何地发生的`?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. How:通过什么方式表现出来的?
5. Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么?
做说明文阅读阅读的时候,一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读,边搜记,牢记要点,把握全文。
二.说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说,高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种:
1. 细节理解题
说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y、Second(1y、Third(1yFinally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导,命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、
相反的比较、偷换对象的比较,经常出现在干扰项中,考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较,才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处,只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同,而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。
2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律,事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白,因此学术性强的生词较多,所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文,分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的,并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象,这类题目常以 it,they,them 等代词为命题点,因此考生要根据上下文语境,认真阅读原文,分析动作转换背景,弄清动作不同执行者,以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。
3. 主旨理解题
说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major
surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干,掌握问题的类型,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。
4. 判断推理题。
这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2 The author suggests that...(3 The story implies that…(4 Which point of view may the author agree to?(5 From the passage we can conclude that...(6 The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系,文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义,考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题,这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点,要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文,并对照原文介绍的情况,弄清图示的差异,根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如:动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题,考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断,了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具,是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。
观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。
【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
【问题设计】
According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?
A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.
C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.
Do you ever watch movies from other countries? Whenever I do, I think about how similar people really are all around the world. Even though the cultures and languages in those movies are different from mine, people all around the world are alike in their goals and emotions.
One time, I saw a movie made in china that showed parents helping their children with their homework. . My parents helped me the same way. Another time I saw a movie from Argentina. It showed school children playing hide and seek, which is a game I used to play with my friends during recess. Seeing these films demonstrated to me that education is a common goal in every country. Parents want their children to learn so their lives will improve. It also showed me that children in schools everywhere wants to play with their friends. Sometimes the games are similar to ours and sometimes they’re different. Still, they all have the common purpose of fun and learning to work together.
Earning a living is another common goal. I’ve often seen that in movies about other countries. In some countries, people choose their careers from what they like and are good at. In other countries, careers are chosen for them following the traditions of their families. But in every country it seems that people care a great deal about earning a living, and working hard is respected.
Showing people having fun together is always an important part of any movies, no matter what country it comes from. People everywhere want to be entertained, and want to spend time with their families and friends. Different cultures sometimes enjoy different activities, but all cultures enjoy some form of sports, music and dancing.
The movies I’ve seen make it clear to me that no matter the cultural differences between countries, people everywhere have the same basic needs and goals.
是日高考,书“大同世界,焉能忘本?”,感慨系之,故作此文。后之览者,亦将有感于斯文。
时维六月,序属仲夏。榴花绽红,清荷吐绿,轻舟晚楫香风细;鸳鸯戏水,白鹤亮翅,柳枝摇曳湖水平。乘假日,风吹衣袂,花迎树阴;望繁星,夏解人意,月又明空。忆往昔,唐风宋韵,过长街十里,尽是人间繁华;叹而今,闾阎扑地,皆为钟鸣鼎食之家,舸舰弥津,何缺青雀黄龙之舳。于是余有叹焉,斯大同盛世,风声竹声钟磬声,声声自在;山色水色烟霞色,色色怡人。呜呼!陶陶然之乐哉。
然则,大同盛世,焉能忘本?子为猫,本在捉鼠;子为人,本在图学。倘若忘本,将何以立身治国,何以齐家平天下?
不为学者,学书学事学志气,枉费七尺之躯;不为图者,图家图民图天下,怎称炎黄子孙?学为本,终身勿忘。忘本者,如离江之水,无以致远;忘本者,若无泽之鉴,岂能一用?
故大同盛世,尤不能忘本也。
追先贤,一代风***,长剑天涯,酒过三巡还依旧,笑星醉春风;勉吾辈,义气书生,笔走龙蛇,大鹏一日乘风起,直上九万里。
且夫大同盛世,儒雅书生,春风得意,何曾闻失路之人?昔精忠岳将,悲故土,一去沃野遭掠戮,伤哀怨痛深藏处。忍堪回首,国无路,泱泱中华如何复?悲乎!今大同盛世,楼高但凭云飞过,水深且任鱼纵横;英雄侠肝义胆,神游五湖四海;君子风度翩翩,静对天地变幻。十里碧阴,亭中谁在斗奇葩?才子风流,六丈高楼,听风听雨听天下,心怀广宇。
大同盛世,无战火之忧,无贫寒之苦,学而优则仕,不曾闻失路之人。我莘莘学子,幸遇时机,尤当图学治国,不可忘本。猫捉鼠,人图学,此天之道也。
呜呼!闲书草草,幸承恩于盛世;抛砖引玉,是所望于群英。随赋一则,勉吾学子,闻鸡晨舞剑,悬梁夜读书。大同盛世,尤不能忘本。
看英雄,侠肝义胆,扭乾坤傲宇宙,笑傲苍穹,名垂千古,挥洒磅礴气势。
望学子,风华正茂,舞慧笔长灵思,指点江山,激扬文字,书写万丈豪情。
(一论点
古人云:“文以意为先,意犹帅也;无帅之兵,谓之乌合。”无论写什么文章都必须立论。立论就是针对客观事物或问题,直接提出自己的见解和主张,阐明其理由,表明自己的态度。
举例:1、如针对和英国首相撒切尔夫人商谈香港回归问题,有人提出香港可以暂时不驻军,***则掷地有声说:主权问题不是一个可以商量的问题!
2、“五四青年节”,各地都在举行庆祝活动,各级党委、政府部门主要领导悉数参加会议,足见领导对青年的重视。有媒体用这样观点做题目:关注青年就是关注祖国的未来。
(二论据
论据,是支撑论点的材料,是作者用来证明论点的理由和根据。通俗说,就是文章中“摆事实、讲道理”,所以,论据主要有事实论据和理论论据。事实论据包括代表性事例(名人故事等,确凿的数据,可靠的史实等;理论论据主要是指文中使用的警句、谚语格言以及作者的说理分析等。
论据使用注意事项:
1、论据必须为论点服务,即观点和材料要统一,能证明论点。
2、论据要典型,不能用诸如“我同学就是一个这样的人”,同时论据更要丰富(多积累、勤积累才能做到
3、论据要新颖。新颖方能吸引人。选择新鲜的别人尚未用过的论据是金子,别人已用的论据你能变换角度用是银子,别人经常用的而你又照搬照用的是石子。记住:写作文时,如果你能一下子想到的事例,别人也会一下子想到,所以就注定你的论据不够新颖了。
4、论据丰富时,事例排列的顺序应当这样:古今中外。
(三论证
论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法,是论点和论据之间的逻辑关系纽带。论点是解决“需要证明什么”,论据是解决“用什么来证明”,论证是解决“怎样证明”。
中学阶段常用的论证方法有:引用(引言论证、事例(名人、时代人物论证、正反对比论证、类比论证、因果论证以及比喻论证。
1.词数:100左右:
2.参考词汇:房租Tent(n..
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