1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
我一直有个心愿,就是到祖国的最南端去看看。今年暑假,爸爸和妈妈说要带我去三亚旅游,让我兴奋不已。
7月26号的那天早上,我和爸爸妈妈怀着激动的心情,一大早就坐车去萧山机场等飞机了,经过一个小时的等待,我们终于登上了飞机,不一会儿,飞机就飞上了蓝蓝的天空,飞向我向往已久的地方!经过大约两个半小时的飞行,飞机终于降落在了海南三亚的凤凰国际机场。
一走出飞机场,我们就去了酒店放行李,放好行李我们就奔向了亚龙湾广场。天气很热,亚龙湾的海水很冰,真是舒服啊,我还在海边玩沙子、拾贝壳,这里的沙子很细很柔软,我们干脆脱了鞋袜,踩在沙子里很是舒服。我们玩了大概2个小时左右就回酒店去吃饭了。
第二天,我们去了热带雨林观看那些热带的植物,这里有很多热带植物:椰子树、铁树、槟榔树、狐尾树、辫子树、导弹树、榕树等……其中最有趣的是狐尾树,它的树叶好像狐狸的尾巴。导游说:“千万不要照相,照相就等于你露出了狐狸的尾巴。”导弹树也不错,远看它真像一个即将发射的导弹,还有两位姐姐还和我们一起拍了照片,我们到了最顶上还看表演,看完表演我们就下山去大海边玩冲浪了,真是太刺激了!接着我和爸爸又去玩摩托艇。你知道吗,在碧蓝的海面上开摩托艇,就像在无边无际的草原上骑着千里马,无拘无束、自由自在,那种感觉实在太刺激、太惊险、太爽了。
第三天,我们来到了海南的著名景点“天涯海角”,一走进天涯海角的\'大门看到熙熙攘攘的人在沙滩上游玩,有的躺在椅子上拥抱阳光,有的故意把自己埋在沙堆里,只露出一个头,哈哈,我也马上把自己半个身子埋在沙堆里,真是舒服死了,爸爸妈妈看我这个样子都笑死了。接着我们又去了南海观音,南海观音有108米高,哇,一眼望去,她就像一个美丽的仙女矗立在海中,真是美丽及了。
第四天,我们又去吃了很多海南有名的特产,比如芒果啦,椰子啦,菠萝蜜啦等等很多东西,吃完中午饭,我们就去机场准备回去了。
我恋恋不舍地离开了这座美丽的城市,她给我留下的难忘经历让我回味无穷……
我爱海南!爱你浩瀚的大海!爱你湛蓝的天空!
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
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