An arguement subject must be arguableg—that is, reasonable people will disagree over it and be able to support their positions with evidence.
一个议论文的题材必须有辩论的余地,也就是说,理性的人会对题材持不同的意见并能够用论据支持他们的立场。
Conceiving a thesis statement 构思
The thesis is the main idea of your paper. In an argument the thesis statement makes the claim that you want your readers to accept or act on.
论点是文章的主要观点。在议论文中,论点陈述句做出论断,请读者接受论断或采取行动。
Analyzing your purpose and your audience 分析写作目的和读者
Your purpose in argument is, broadly, to engage readers in order to convince them of your position or persuade them to act.
议论文的`目的一般是要使读者信服你的立场或说服他们采取行动。
通过观摩学习虞永平教授的《过程意识和经验指向》报告,明确了新时期幼儿教师的角色已悄然发生了转变,由以往的“灌输者”“说教者”转变成了课程方案的制定者、设计者。
不应再是过去孩 子的“保姆佣人”,抑或是苦口婆心的怨妇,或是怨声载道的受累人,而应摇身一变,成为顾全大局、统筹帷幄的大将军。正如虞教授所说,教师应学会做该做的事,“不是老师话说多了、事做多了就优秀,但却是与教师的脑力成正比的。”也就是教师应该学习做个“智慧者”。
一、学做“引领者”。
现在的知识不再是静止的,而是生成、变化的,流动的。虞教授指出知识就是经验,是过程性的经验。这注定了学习方式的转变,需要我们幼儿教师把知识转化成一个过程,引导孩子去体验,通过操作体验、观察感受这种“接地气”的方式来学习知识。
这就需要教师首 先来学习做课程方案的“制定者”,“引领者“。如准备让孩子干什么,在哪里干,如何干等。从整体上把握,从细节上引领。如先干什么,后干什么。并且紧紧围绕通过这个活动,孩子去体验、思考,获得新的经验,得到发展的目标进行一系列有价值的活动。在游戏活动中,根据需要适时调整方案。
二、学做“发现者”。
“生活中缺少的 不是美,而是发现。”“生活即教育”。需要教师在生活中发现孩子的需要。教师应该发现生活中有益的资源,并巧妙地利用。如虞教授举了个幼儿园的例子,通过观察、分析等记录虫子的成长规律,让不喜欢虫子的小朋友在那个氛围中也喜欢观察起了身边的小动物。看到孩子们专注地观察的神态,真心地认为做生活的发现者 是件有趣的事。
如我们社区内就有水果超市。在给幼儿讲授各种水果、蔬菜时,我们园有的教师就善于利用身边的资源,引领孩子到就近的水果店去亲自感官认识各种水果,如看一看,摸一摸等。孩子在直接经验中获得了发展。
如有的孩子在玩区域活动时,为什么不想玩?需要教师细心观察,发现背后的原因。是否是因为材料太过陈旧?还是材料缺乏层次性,让孩子缺少挑战的***呢?等等。发现、了解了孩子动机背后的原因,就真正读懂了孩子。
三、学做“创设者”
教师应有意识地创设有价值的“情境”活动。虞教授提到幼儿园的特点是“游戏化”、“情境化”。教师通过在教学中创设情境,让孩子直接参与,从中反思,做有意义的事,进而获得成长。
利用节日民俗这 一特别的生活资源,让孩子在做中学。如幼儿园在过“腊八节”时,有的班级通过自己动手制做“腊八粥”,品粥等活动。让孩子了解节日的习俗,养成珍惜粮食的好习惯。端午节,自己亲手尝试“包粽子“等,了解节日的风俗习惯,锻炼了动手动脑能力,体验了民俗的独特魅力。
通过学习,处处提醒我们教师需要在生活中积淀,学做教育的制定者、发现者、创设者。做一个有心的教师,将学习的理论与实践相结合,做新型的“智慧型“教师,关注过程,聆听生命,用生命唤醒生命。
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As a writer of argument, you seek to provide evidence for your claims and clear reasoning about the relationship of evidence and claims.
议论文作者,应当对其论点进行推理论证,需提供论证方法,说明论据是如何支撑观点的。”
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