导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
当暮色悄然降临的时候,不远处袅袅升起一缕炊烟,安然地与天空相吻。从那一刻开始,人们已结束了一天的劳作,开始了与家人齐聚的闲适。
这已是我的记忆。离开家乡很长时间了,我已渐渐忘记他们熟悉的音容笑貌,忘记了炊烟的模样和香气。
一天正奋笔疾书,心里莫名地想起很久没给外公外婆打电话了,特别想他们。我竟情不自禁地拨通了那个熟悉而陌生的号码。电话那边传来外公惊喜的声音,他关切地问我最近的生活情况。声音有点嘈杂,我可以想像这时人们都已在回家的路上,我仿佛可以看到有点模糊的炊烟升起,想起了与好友在屋前玩“跳房子”这一游戏的光景。“都很好。”我只能简短地说一句,因为此时已经泪流满面了。
我决定回家乡看看我的外公外婆以及那久违的炊烟。
车开得很快,我没来得及回想家乡的景象便在车站下车了。顿时我有一种惶恐的感觉。还好,扛着锄头的老伯伯向我咧开嘴笑,白白的牙齿闪现了一种健康的美,心情便舒坦了。
走在回家的路上,我左顾右盼,寻找记忆深处的炊烟。但它仿佛被哈利波特施了隐身术般,不见踪影。走得很久很慢,明明很短的路,却花了这么长的时间。我有些失望,觉得自己与家乡与炊烟已失去了往日的默契。
天色很快便暗了下来。我便快步向家走去。忽然,整个人打了一个颤,便定在了那儿。眼前,是一缕淡淡的炊烟,带着点儿谷黄色,以一种淡定的姿态,悠然向上升起。有微风吹拂过,一种真切的味道充斥着鼻腔,我感到一股厚实的温暖,是家乡的味道。
这一刻开始,我的心与家乡紧紧地贴合在一切,我知道,它一直都在。
我张开手臂,向家跑去。而那炊烟,像一朵不知名的花,淡淡地绽放,风一吹,甜蜜的花粉散溢在心田。
从那一刻开始,我知道,心中的家乡会永远存在,像炊烟一般的真实,充满心中的每一个角落,走过生命的每一步旅程。
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
人们常说,有梦想才能有作为,有行动才能有成功。文学大师林语堂曾经说过:“梦无论怎样模糊,总潜伏在我们的心底,使我们的心境永远得不到宁静,直到这些梦想成为现实。”但想要使“这些梦想变为现实”,行动才是唯一的手段的保证。
我看到过许多名人的故事,他们小时侯都有自己的目标,我也知道,他们把目标分成一小段一小段来实现,最终,达到了梦想的高峰。但是,我始终没有找到梦想,直到今天,我读了《面对自己——有梦想才能有作为》这篇文章中的一个故事后,我才找到了自己的梦想。
一条小毛虫朝着太阳升起的地方,慢慢爬行着。它在路上遇到一只蝗虫,蝗虫问它:“你要到哪里去?”毛毛虫边爬边回答:“我昨天晚上做了一个梦,梦见我在大山顶上看见了整个山谷。我喜欢梦中看到的情景,我要把它变为现实。”蝗虫很惊讶地说:“你烧糊涂了?还是脑子进水了?你怎么可能达到那个地方。你只是一条小毛虫耶!对你来说,一块石头就是高山,一个水坑就是无法逾越的障碍。”但小毛虫已经爬远了,根本没有理会蝗虫的话,继续前进。后来,蜘蛛、鼹鼠、青蛙和花朵都以同样的口吻劝小毛虫放弃这个打算。但小毛虫始终坚持向前爬行……终于,小毛虫精疲力尽,用最后的力气建成一个可以休息的小窝——蛹,就“死”了,动物们都来瞻仰这它,等到它们第二次来的时候,小毛虫贝壳状的蛹开始破裂,一只美丽的'蝴蝶出现了!随着轻风吹拂,美丽的蝴蝶翩翩飞到了大山顶上……
这个美丽的传说,告诉我们一个人生哲理:人活在世界上,不能没有梦想;为了自己的梦想,要付出艰辛和努力。我找到了梦想——成为一名记者。我要努力,争取做最好的自己!
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