Study the two pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled “On Education of China” In the essay, you should (1 describe the pictures (2 interpret their meaning (3 give your opinion about the phenomenon .You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points
[参考范文]
The two pictures look so similar at one glance, but they are totally different. In the first picture, a peasant boy, carrying a heavy bundle of rice straw is out of breath under the great pressure. His hope is to have a school to attend. In the second picture, a student is on his way home from school, a heavy bag of books on his back. What he wishes is that he didn’t have to go to school any more. How can the two boys at the same age have such different ideas about attending school?
The two pictures show some problems in the present education system in China. In the poor countryside, especially in some western parts of China, the education is also poor. There are no buildings for classrooms, let alone good teachers. Children there cannot have regular education. They are sometimes forced to leave their studies because their families cannot afford the necessary fees. However, the situation is totally different in the cities. Almost all the children in the cities can have regular education. They can enjoy the bright classrooms and adequate facilities. But they have their own problems. What they face is the endless homework, which puts so much pressure on them that some students don’t want to continue their studies.
Given the problems above, our government has taken some measures. “The Hope Project” has been in operation to ensure that children in the poor areas can achieve education. Some strategies have also been put into force to reduce the pressure on the students. Teachers are asked not to give too much homework. Emphasis should be put on the improvement of the quality of the students. However, there is a long way to go in the improvement of our education conditions. The whole society should be mobilized to make some contributions to our education.
Study the two pictures above carefully and write an essay entitled “On the Relationship between Environment and Economy” In the essay, you should (1 describe the pictures and interpret their meaning (2 give your opinion with some proof (3 give your conclusion.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points
[参考范文]On the Relationship between Environment and Economy
The two pictures above are both about the relationship between the environment and the economic development. In the first picture, GDP is on the rise while the environment is drastically polluted. In the second picture, economic efficiency progresses with environmental protection. It’s easy to get the conclusion that development according to the second picture is more reasonable than that in the first one.
In the early development of socialism, our country didn’t pay much attention to the issue of environmental protection and savored the bitterness. Now, the government has taken many measures and is implementing the strategy of “sustainable development”. One aspect of the strategy is to develop the economy and take measures to protect the environment at the same time. In this way, we can develop our country in a sustainable manner and our offspring can have enough resources to develop society. If we don’t put much emphasis on the environment issue and excavate the natural resources blindly, our country will become a barren land sooner or later.
In a word, sustainable development is a reasonable strategy which should be implemented for a long time. The nature is providing us with plentiful resources generously, but it may punish us severely if we don’t care her.
阿尔道夫。门采尔是世界著名的素描大师,他从13岁开始学绘画。一生共创作了一万五千多幅速写,七千多张素描。这些数量惊人的作品,都是他辛勤 劳动的结晶,他不管走到哪里,绘画工具总是随身带着,在大街小巷,乡村田野,河畔山顶,处处可以看到挥笔作画的身影。有人称他得了“缓画狂热症”,他听了很高兴地说:“希望此病是绝症。”
例3:3米是多少厘米?2吨50千克是多少千克?
师说:我们先看第一问,3米是多少厘米?
师说:由于1米=100厘米,那么米和厘米比较,米就是高级单位,厘米就是低级单位。所以这道题将米数改写成厘米数,我们就说是将高级单位的数改写成低级单位的数。
师:1米是100厘米,3米是多少厘米呢?
生:300厘米。
(师板书:3米=300厘米)
师:你是怎么想的。
生:由于1米是100厘米,3米就是3个100厘米,也就是300厘米。
师:3米是3个100厘米,如果列式计算,怎么写?
生:100×3=300
(师将这个式子板书在3米=300厘米的下面)
师:在这个乘法算式里,100表示什么?
生:米和厘米之间的进率。
(师将“进率”二字写在100的下面)
师:3表示什么?
生:高级单位的数
(师将“高级单位的数”写在3的下面)
师:300又表示什么?
生:低级单位的数。
(师将“低给单位的数”写在300的下面。)
师:通过这道题,谁能总结出高级单位的名数改写成低级单位的名数的方法)
生:进率×高级单位的数=低级单位的数。
(师将“×”“=”补在式子中)
评析(像3米是多少厘米这样的题学生在三年级就已经掌握,因此教师在这里充分发挥学生的主体地位,直接让学生回答,你是怎么想的。而将重点放在300是怎么得来的?当学生回答是100×3=300得来时,教师接着问100、3、300各表示什么?这样就引入到高级单位的名数改写成低级单位的名数上,这样得到的方法顺理成章、水到渠成,学生容易理解,也就容易掌握了)
唐代书法家怀素以草书著称于世,人称“草圣”。他的草书,气势雄浑豪放有“骤雨狂风”之势。
他幼年为僧,寺院附近种值有一万多株芭蕉,每日摘采蕉叶练字。蕉叶用完了就用浅色漆盘和方木板练字,写满字迹后,擦掉再练。久而久之,竟把漆盘 和木板磨穿了。寺院的墙壁上,家具上,连僧人做袈裟的布上都写满了字。他每日勤奋刻苦练字,用秃了许多毛笔,堆集起来埋在山下,名曰“笔冢”。
下面,我们对文中所引三个事例进行解读。上文提到,这三个事例在文中的出现,是为了让读者更清楚地认识到“怎么做叫有骨气”。当然,这三个事例并非如我们通常理解的那样,和“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”这三句话一一对应,尽管这样理解可以给人一种秩序感和整齐美。 第一个事例中,文天祥的行为可以全部体现“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈”的精神,正如作者所说“孟子说的几句话,在文天祥身上都表现出来了”,并非如徐、朱两位老师认为的那样只能体现“威武不能屈”。第一,文天祥虽然那时任何富贵也没有,但他只要投靠元朝,就可以很容易地得到,然后去放纵、去享受。富贵对常人的诱惑是难以克制的,但文天祥心志不乱,高贵的灵魂没有屈从此种唾手可得的诱惑,他克制住了自己。这种做法不正是“富与贵,是人之所欲也,不以其道得之,不处也”的最好诠释吗?他这种刚强不屈的人格不正是有骨气的体现吗?此可谓“富贵不能淫”。第二,文天祥被抓,关在一个阴湿的地牢里,是个一无所有的“阶下囚”,但他没有改变自己为了民族利益而抗击元朝入侵的正义行为,这又体现了“贫与贱,是人之所恶也,不以其道得之,不去也”的精神境界。此可谓“贫贱不能移”。第三,文天祥在北京,野蛮的元人用暴力折磨他,然而此威势武力也没有使他屈服。此可谓“威武不能屈”。
文中所举第二个事例也很值得揣摩品味,这是因为,吴晗先生对此事例的叙事话语和《礼记?檀弓下》中故事原文的叙事话语不太一样。
齐大饥,黔敖为食于路,以待饥者而食之。有饥者,蒙袂、辑履,贸然而来。黔敖左奉食,右执饮,曰:“嗟,来食!”扬其目而视之,曰:“予唯不食嗟来之食,以至于斯也。”从而谢焉,终不食而死。
在故事原文中,黔敖这个富人确实如徐、朱两位老师所言,真是一个慈善家,尽管在施善时一开始他态度不好,没有给饿者以起码的人格尊重,但他能够知错就改,还是不错的;而文中穷人也确实有点酸,人家都承认错误了,你何必要矜持到底呢?到了《谈骨气》中,故事却成了“那人摆着一副慈善家的面孔,吆喝一声‘喂,来吃’”,还说:“显然,他不会白白施舍,吃他的饭就要替他办事。”这种写法被当作“修改历史”和“添油加醋”,受到了徐、朱两位老师的指责。我们如果深究一下此文作为一篇杂文的现实性和针对性,就很容易知道吴晗先生笔下的这位富人是有所指的,即当时以老大哥姿态而非平等伙伴姿态压制中国的苏联,而穷人即是我们自己。这样,文章对《礼记》故事原文的所谓“添油加醋”式的发挥就不仅可以理解,而且还值得借鉴学习,即:借用人们通常熟知的话语,给以个人化的诠释,使原话语承载起新的内容,以适合自己表达的需要。这种旧词新用手法,是一种表达的艺术。徐、朱两位老师批评的所谓本段写作违背了论据使用的基本精神――真实性,应是批错了方向,因为这个不食嗟来之食的故事如上文所述,根本就不是被当作论据来使用的。顺便提出来:第一个事例中,吴晗先生将“富贵不能淫”解释为“高官厚禄收买不了”,要较一下真,似乎与本意也有偏离,但这种发挥性的新解其实也是因为现实需要而有意为之,绝非作者对经典的理解偏差所致。
第三个事例用来生动地表现什么是“威武不能屈”,争议不大,在此不展开论述。
尽管徐、朱两位老师对《谈骨气》写作的逻辑性提出的质疑在我们看来是不成立的,但这种对经典选文进行质疑的精神还是非常宝贵的。事实上,《谈骨气》这篇文章也绝非完美无缺,比如文章第四段说:“就坚定不移地为当时的进步事业服务这一原则来说,我们祖先的许多有骨气的动人事迹,还有它积极的教育意义,是值得我们学习的。”接着,文章用事例具体阐述“有骨气”的表现。这三个事例中,文正祥的事迹和闻一多的事迹毫无疑问,体现了“坚定不移地为当时的进步事业服务这一原则”,但第二个事例就不行。
女儿刚出生就患有脑瘫,个月大时又被诊断患有癫痫。岁老来得女的赵长萱,这位来自哈尔滨的伟大父亲,年如一日,用他最深沉、最厚重的爱,为女儿撑起了一片天空,创造了一个又一个生命奇迹。当《让世界充满爱》的动人旋律在耳畔轻轻流淌,从“唯朵至珍”,到唯爱至真,“朵朵爸爸”感动万千网民,也向我们诠释了这样一个道理:父爱如山,静默无声,不求回报;父爱似海,深沉宽广,足以包容一生。
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