导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
【原文】杨子之邻人亡羊,既率其党,又请杨子之竖追之。杨子曰:“嘻!亡一羊何追者之众?”邻人曰:“多歧路。”既反,问:“获羊乎?”曰:“亡之矣。”曰:“奚亡之?”曰:“歧路之中又有歧焉。吾不知所之,所以反也。”
——《列子·说符》(节选
【大意】杨朱的邻人丢失了一只羊,他率领全家老小,又请杨朱派童仆帮助一齐追寻。杨朱说:“哈!丢失一只羊,为什么要这么多人去追呢?”邻人回答:“岔路太多了。”追的人返回后,杨子问:“羊找到了吗?”邻人回答:“跑掉啦!”杨子问:“怎么会跑掉呢?”回答:“岔路上又有岔路,我不知道该往哪条路去找,所以只好回来了。”
【寓意】比喻事理复杂多变,没有正确的方向,就会误入歧途。
【原文】夸父不量力,欲追日影,逐之于隅谷之际。渴欲得饮,赴饮河渭。河渭不足,将走北饮大泽。未至,道渴而死。弃其杖,尸膏肉所浸,生邓林。邓林弥广数千里焉。
——《列子·汤问》
【大意】夸父不自量力,想要追上太阳的影子,一直赶到太阳落下的隅谷旁边,他口渴极了,想得到水喝,就跑去饮黄河、渭河的水。黄河、渭河的水不够喝,他又跑到北方去喝大湖里的水。还没有走到,半路上他就渴死了。他丢弃掉的手杖,为尸体的脂膏和肌肉所浸润,生长成一片茂密的树林,名叫邓林。邓林覆盖面积方圆达几千里。
【寓意】表现了人们征服自然的强烈愿望和坚强决心。也比喻自不量力。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
看完一部作品后,一定对生活有了新的感悟和看法吧,需要好好地对所收获的东西写一篇观后感了。可能你现在毫无头绪吧,下面是小编精心整理的观《十个约定》有感,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
今晚,我和姐姐去看了电影《十个约定》。这部电影感人至深处。它讲的是一个名叫明莉的小女孩和一只叫小白的小狗之间的十个约定。
故事的主要内容是:明莉的爸爸是个医生,平时很少回家,在她过生日那天,爸爸答应给她买一包蜡烛,可是由于有一个病人急需做手术,所以爸爸很晚才回来,回来时,明莉已经睡了。妈妈知道她喜欢小狗,所以偷偷问别人要了一只,放在自家的院子里。因为它的爪子是白的所以取名叫小白。随后妈妈因得了不治之症而躺在医院的病房里。明莉费了九牛二虎之力才把小狗捉住带到了病房里。妈妈知道自己在世的时间不长了,便让明莉与小白立了十个约定,内容是这样的:
1。请耐心听我说话。
2、请相信我,我永远都会跟你站在同一边
3、多陪我玩。
4、请别忘了我也是有感情的。
5、不要打架,要是来真的,你可不是我的对手哦。
6、我不听话时都是有原因的。
7、你有学校、还有朋友……可是,我只有你。
8、即使我老了,你也要好好对我。
9、我的寿命只有十年左右……所以要珍惜我们在一起的每时每刻
10、我不会忘记我们共同度过的时光……说到这里,名利的眼眶湿润了。几个月后,妈妈不幸病故,家里只剩下明莉和爸爸两人。
渐渐的,明莉长大了,但对小白却渐渐疏远了。有一次,明莉去参加聚会,她穿着漂亮的衣服走出家门,不料,小白将她扑倒在地,弄脏了她的衣服,愤怒使明莉失去理智,她把小白骂了一顿,然后气呼呼的`离开家门,参加聚会去了。从那以后,他再也没让小白进屋睡觉,而是让它睡在冰冷的小窝里。后来,她做了一名兽医。屈指算来,小白整整陪伴了她十年。最终,小白连走都走不动了,焦急万分的爸爸拨通了名利的电话,名利赶回家时,小白已经奄奄一息了。猛然间,名利忽然想起与小白的十个约定。这些年来,她做到没有?这时,爸爸递给她一个小画册,这是妈妈临终前画上的,上面写着十个约定:
1。请耐心听我说话。
2、请相信我,我永远都会跟你站在同一边
3、多陪我玩。
读着读着,明莉的眼眶湿润了。这些年来,她没做到,而小白却默默的奉献。她对不起小白,更对不住她的妈妈。渐渐的,小白的气息越来越淡,直至死亡的那一刻它用尽最后的一点力气,将腿放在了明莉的身上。明莉她哭了,全场的人都哭了。小白在那一刻,它走了,它离开了明莉……
看了这部电影,我被小白这种顽强的毅力所震撼。小白在影片中扮演着妈妈的角色,不离不弃,一直陪伴了明莉十年。俗话说“羊马比君子”,虽然小白是小动物,但是它拥有超出人类的感情,更有着忠实的本性。从明莉身上,我明白了要珍惜身边每一个人,每一件事物,不要向明莉一样,直到失去了小白才学会珍惜。生活中的我们,更要珍惜爱我们的每一个人,生气时不要采取任何行动,千万不要低估了宽恕的力量。
我建议大家仔细观看这部影片,从中学到人间的真善美。
【原文】昔齐人有欲金者,清旦衣冠而之市,适鬻金者之所,因攫其金而去。吏捕得之,问曰:“人皆在焉,子攫人之金何?”对曰:“取金之时,不见人,徒见金。”
——《列子·说符》
【大意】从前齐国有一个渴望得到金子的人,清早穿戴整齐来到市场上,走进一家卖金子的店铺,抓起一块金子就跑。官吏捉住了他,责问道:“这么多人都在那里,你为什么还偷人家的金子?”他回答:“我拿金子的时候,没有看见人,只看见金子。”
【寓意】比喻利欲熏心而不顾一切。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.