书不是陪伴我长大的唯一物品,但它却是最重要的,它给了我……
——引子
4岁,第一次亲密接触
在我有记忆以来,直到4岁我才拥有一本真正属于我自己的书,所以,直到现在我还记得,那本《舒塔与贝克》的连环画,还记得他俩的一些英雄事迹呢。于是,它便为我读书的生涯拉开了帷幕。所以,我注定要一直被它所吸引。
10岁,既是朋友,又是帮手
连环画早已经收入箱底,那似乎已经不能满足我对书的渴望,或者说是***。在那些美丽故事的引导下,《中国成语故事》,《格林童话》……渐渐住进了我的书橱,当我用《十万个为什么》中的知识解决掉一些问题后,我可以高兴到不吃饭,高兴到忘乎所以,那时候可真是天真呢,书给我带来了无数的欢乐,我总是用稚嫩的声音像爸爸妈妈撒娇:我还要一本《》可以吗?一定要帮我买好不好?
13岁,Madeinabroda(国外制造
是上初中,从语文书后的名着导航中,我认识了保尔,鲁滨逊……于是,我的书橱中又多了好多的外国血液,从《简爱》中,我了解了爱的真谛,从《飘》中,我学到了思嘉坚强的一面……仿佛了瞬间学到了好多东西,像是在一夜中崛起,而这些东西都是课本上学不到的,后来,暗暗发誓要像大卫?科波菲尔一样努力的证明自己,像他一样坚持直到取得最后的胜利!
14岁,MadeinChina(中国制造
不知道是什么时候开始,学校刮起了一阵古典风,我当然也是“深受其害”,《论语》,《宋词300首》什么的,一下子就窜入了我的书橱,所以,那些天总是喜欢把之乎者也挂在嘴边,像是在炫耀着什么,虽然现在对那些古典的东西没那么大的兴趣,但回想那段日子,真的很有趣.
15岁,就这么飘来飘去
或许是思想上成熟了许多,或许是有了更多自己的想法,不像以前那么样,现在总小看一些80后的作品,韩寒的《三重门》,小四的《梦里花落知多少》什么的,当知道年仅16岁的子尤走了后,更是抱着那本《谁的青春有我狂》看了N遍,当想到这个青春的没边的男孩的离去,就要伤心好一阵子,当看到小4书中那些可怜的女子(我不知道可不可以怎么说也会黯然泪下……那时候,书橱已经满了,这些书只能胡乱的堆在书桌上……
生活的日子里,书将继续陪伴我,直到走完全程。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文:
第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因
第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势
结论:
第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论 オ
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
从小就很喜欢洋娃娃,但随着年龄的增长,我却不知不觉的忘却了它们和它们陪我的日子……
——题记
上小学四年级的时候,每天上学,都会路过一个很漂亮的大玻璃橱窗,除了漂亮的大人们穿的衣服外,在一个很显眼的地方还有一个大大的粉红色的兔子……头大大的歪着脑袋,眼睛大大的,穿着粉红色的背带裤,粉红色的舌头还吐出来笑,好可爱!可是……我买不起。但是每天上学时,还是会停下脚步来看它几眼。
六年级下学期时,有个叔叔送给我一个洋娃娃,那是我所有玩具里最大的一只,也是我认为最可爱的一只。
可是,我马上就是初中生了,我不再需要不会说话,也不会陪我玩的娃娃了!我有很多朋友,同学,他们会陪伴我!所以,我把娃娃都放在了衣柜的最底层。
成长是不是必须伴随着烦恼一起呢?我换下了以前爱穿的连衣裙,穿上流行的牛仔裤,T血,留着长发,任风吹拂着。在烈日下和同学们有说有笑,有打有闹的一起走在回家的路上。
我不知道现在的穿着,现在的行为,是否是自己喜欢的和想要的。管它呢!反正大家都是这样做的。
换上宽大的牛仔裤,去掉身上那些奇怪的装饰品,我换上可爱的小睡裙,红底小斑点,沿边缀着些蕾丝花边,我光着脚丫子在地板上走来走去,一转身,目光落在柜子里其中的一个洋娃娃身上,此时才发觉自己竟然和它穿的一样……
突然开始怀恋小时候抱着洋娃娃睡觉的日子了,那么简单的蓝的透明的天空!
我穿着那件曾经最爱的粉红色背带裤,顶着烈日站在那块大大的玻璃橱窗面前。
穿红色背带裤的兔子,伸出它红色的舌头,对着我笑……
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