所谓“寓情于景”就是将自己的感受寄托在景物的描写上。没有感情色彩的景物只不过是苍白的“躯壳”是没有生命力的。在景物描写时,不仅要写出景物的美好,还要写出自己的真实情感,让景物的特点与自己的感情自然交融,浑为一体。这样写出来的文章才能景中含情、情中有景、情景交融,给人以极强的感染力。例如:在《山雨》一课中,作者这样描述:“阳光下,山林的色彩层次多得几乎难以辨认,有墨绿、翠绿,有淡青、金黄,也有火一般的红色。在雨中,所有的色彩都融化在水淋淋的嫩绿之中,绿得耀眼,绿得透明。这清新的绿色在雨雾中流动,流进我的眼睛,流进我的心胸。”这段话描写了雨中山林最富魅力的色彩——“绿”,连用两个“流进”体现了两个层次:这“绿”不光是眼睛看到的,更是用心灵感受的,突出雨中的“绿”那种让人难以忘却的美。通过对山雨色彩美的描述,表达了作者对山雨的喜爱。
俗话说“巧妇难为无米之炊。”要写好景物描写的文章,就要学会观察,平时积累素材。在具体的习作中,如果打算写某一处的景物,绝不能凭想象,应该深入实地,仔细观察,积累写作素材。在指导学生进行观察时,我们应向学生渗透一些常见的观察顺序:
(一)、选好角度,定点观察。定点观察就是站在一个固定的位置上进行观察事物的方法。运用这种方法,首先要选好合适的观察点,选取恰当的视觉角度,把观察到的景物,限制在某一固定的时间和空间内,对准目标,不变位置依据一定的顺序,然后再从这一点出发进行观察。这种观察法,定点定位直接对准画面,最适宜于典型环境里的自然景物或风俗人情的描写,就好像是摄影拍照的特写镜头一样焦点醒目。运用定点观察之后的定点描写,可以把景物描写得独具特色,个性鲜明,给读者以身临其境的实感,留下深刻的印象。如在《鸟的天堂》中,作者巴金有这样的描述:“我们的船渐渐逼近榕树了,我有机会看清它的真面目,真是一株大榕树,枝***数目不可计数。枝上又生根,有许多根直垂到地上,伸进泥土里。一部分树枝垂到水面,从远处看,就像一株大树卧在水面上一般。”“榕树正是茂盛的时期,它好像在把它的全部生命力展示给我们看。那么多的绿叶,一簇堆在另一簇上面,不留一点缝隙。那翠绿的颜色明亮地照耀着我们的眼睛,似乎每一片树叶上都有一个新的生命在颤动。这么美丽的南国的树。”作者立足在船头,随着船身渐渐逼近的时候,目光集中在大榕树的长势上,定点对大榕树形态的具体观察,看清了这一株奇特的大榕树的真面目,枝干“不可计数”,足见十分茂密;“枝上又生根……直垂到地上,伸进泥土里……卧在水面上一般。”观察了大榕树的整体形象;观察了大榕树与众不同的神态美,“那么多的绿叶”,不是一片片清晰可辨,而是“一簇堆在另一簇上面”。这就是作者自始至终把观察的目光定点在大榕树上,对榕树的枝、叶、根的形状、颜色、位置进行细致观察。然后从外形描写入手,浓墨重彩,逼真地表现出了榕树的勃勃生机。
(二)、移步换景。在进行观察时,观察点不同,观察的角度不同,所看到的情况也就各不相同,得到的感受也就大不一样了。正像北宋诗人苏轼在《题西林壁》一诗写的那样:“横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同。”因此在指导学生观察时,要让学生使用动点观察法,就是连续移动观察位置,从不同的观察角度,观察同一景物的表现方法。动点观察有两层含义:一是观察点要连续不断地移动;二是移动观察点要有顺序。这种观察法适合观察正在发展变化着的景物。由于作者对景物连续不断深入细致的观察,清清楚楚地了解到了景物各方面的不同形态和色彩,描写起来就得心应手,有话可说了,既可描摹景物的形状,又可显示景物的神采,使景物鲜明地呈现在读者面前。当你来到自己喜欢的一处景点,最好先看看全景,对整体有个初步的印象,然后迈开你轻快的脚步,向前走去,这样随着你脚步的移动,眼中的景物在不断变换,这就是“移步换景”法。如《颐和园》一课,作者就以不同的观察点来描写园中的景色:或立足公园大门,或驻足万寿山下,或站在万寿山上,或立于昆明湖堤岸,描绘的是一副副异彩纷呈的图画.颐和园面积宽广,作者不能一眼就能把景物看完,所以观察点必须移动变化,这样才能细致地描绘出园景。
(三)、抓住描写对象的特点进行观察。虽然每处景物都离不开山和水,离不开花草树木,、虫鱼鸟兽……但是每处景物都有各自不同的特点,就是同一处景物,因季节不同,其特征也不一样。观察时如果抓不住特点,写出来的文章就会千篇一律,无法感染读者。因此,无论是写春花的绚丽,还是写秋叶的\'静美,是写江海的波澜壮阔,还是写小河的潺潺流水,都要认真观察,把握它们的特点,了解景物的全貌,围绕一个中心来写。例如:学校的小花园里,花香与读书声相伴,特点是幽静美丽;操场上有单杠、双杆和篮球场,同学们在锻炼身体,它的特点是热闹。另外有些景物还要一边对比一边观察,才会发现这一事物的与众不同之处。比如,观察树叶,如果不对比,只盯着一种树叶看,你会以为绿就是它的最大特点了,可是一比你就会发现,松叶如针,柳叶如眉,枫叶似鸭掌,这才是它们真正的特点。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
一旦创业,考虑问题就要全面,大学生创业的弊端在于社会经验不足,动手能力相对于理论而言要稍逊一筹,不能很好的控制创业过程中的挫折失败情绪,甚至就此沮丧,所以,必须拥有良好的心理素质。部分大学生大谈自己的技术和专业,但是却没有了解到运用这些技术和专业的产品市场空间是怎么样的,我们在创业的过程中,要充分利用好互联网或其他有效资源充分认识自身的优点和不足。
国家为鼓励大学在校创业,为提高大学生创业或就业比率,以创业带动就业率,可以在教育部大学生创业服务网,按照相关要求提交高校的自主创业申请,并允许在校学生休学创业,相关政策可以在互联网上了解详细的情况;
首先我们需要清楚创业是需要带来商机的,而商机的本质是服务客户,所以,我们只有脚踏实地的服务和做事,才能清楚的知道客户的需求,只有满足客户需求才能赚到钱。现在不论是互联网还是书本上,都是介绍别人的成功案例,但这些只是换汤不换药,只有形成一套自己的服务或产品模式,清楚其操作原理方案,这样才能从千万竞争者中独树一帜。
关于“大学生在校自主创业好么?该怎么做?”的全部介绍就到这里了,对于大学生来说如果决定了要创业,就要选择一个好的项目,并且要选择适合在校园里做的生意,这样才更容易成功。
经营能力最重要
经营赚钱的能力在创业中是最重要的一项基本素质,只要有非常出色的经营能力,不愁找不到投资者,很多投资家天天都在找好项目进行投资。
很多年轻人在创业时,过多强调资金因素的影响力,其实不然。创业条件中资金虽然很重要,但不是至关重要的,最最重要的是创业者个人的经营能力,特别是业务能力。如果你坚持资金是根本因素,那好,我给你投资1000万,你经营什么,你凭借什么可以确保赚钱?我想,很多人恐怕都无法保证,也不知道投资干什么,所以资金因素不是唯一的决定因素。
在创业初期,创业者个人的能力会受到充分地考验。创业不是一件很轻松的事情,事无巨细,都要自己亲自动手。创业者的个人能力中,业务能力、开发客户能力、综合应变能力是十分重要的。创业者其实很多时候就是一个业务经理,能够拿到订单什么都好办了,很多创业成功者,都是做业务出身。有了客户,有了订单,事情自然变得容易多了。
对于有志创业者而言,不断提高自己的经营能力是至关重要的。从学做业务开始是一个好办法,你有了能力,创业机会自然很多,特别是今天,已经进入靠能力赚钱的\'时代,经营能力更是重中之重。
内部创业更容易
在创业者中,有几种成功的类型,包括自己从零开始独立创业成功者、有技术与他人合作成功者、在企业内部创业成功者。相对而言,第3种创业方式最容易成功。
一个创业者比较好的选择就是有计划有策略地进入一家成功公司,先取得老板的信任,再找准机会,建议老板从公司发展的角度投资新项目,这样创业的机会就有了。作为项目的提出者,自然会被老板赋予重任。很多企业都会有发展新项目的需要,如果冒昧地找人投资,合作机会不会太多,其关键就是一个信任感的问题。萍水相逢,人家为什么要信任你?国内企业管理控制乏力,企业用人时,对忠诚度的在意甚至超过对能力的重视。
从企业内部创业,有很多有利条件:雄厚资本实力的支持、管理的指导、综合资源的共享、业务资源的利用、品牌形象的借助等,如果创业公司的业务与母体公司的业务有延续性或关联性,创起业来更容易成功。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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