如何在家自主学习英语作文【一】
不久前，我们对中外学生语言学习的情况进行了调查，分析了中外学生的学习状态，发现存在以下几个方面的差异：
1.学习驱动力方面的差别
在近五年的汉语教学中，当每个留学生被问到“你为什么来中国学汉语？”时，他们的第一个答案就是“兴趣”。毋庸置疑，国外学生学习的最大动力就是个人兴趣。而中国非英语专业的大学生学习英语也是两年时间，但都是大班教学（少则五六十人，多则超过一百人），由学校统一编班，统一安排教学进度和课程设置。由于学生学习水平参差不齐，带课教师不能照顾到每个学生，只能根据多数学生的语言掌握情况安排教学，从而被动地忽视了个体的差异性，也导致了许多学生学习的积极性不高。我国许多学生争取高成绩是为了拿到奖学金，将来毕业找到一份好的工作，为家里减轻负担；有的是为了考取研究生或推免而本硕连读；有的也仅仅是为了及格；有的是为了追求真理；也有的是为了实现自己的社会价值。总之，中外学生在学习上的驱动力差别较大。
2.学习目的的差别
中外学生学习的目的都包括为了实现个人的`价值、理想。然而，除此共同目的之外，有些中国学生的另一目的是为了父母甚至是教师而读书。为了报答父母的养育之恩，为了不负某个教师的期望而日日苦读。这就是学习目的中的“指向自我的学习目的，指向社会的学习目的”以及我国学生具有的“指向他人的学习目的”[2]。
3.学习条件的差别
国外高校基本上每个教室都配有多台电脑，无线网络覆盖面广，学习者均可免费使用。图书、电子文献等资源都可以随意使用。国内的高校配套设施相比较国外来说要落后一些，再加上学生众多，因而“僧多肉少”的局面时有发生。除此之外，在中外学生的居住环境方面，我国的大学一般都会让留学生单独居住，住宿环境安静舒适；而我国学生人数众多，通常都是统一安排住宿，这样一来学生想要把宿舍当作书房来学习并养成良好的宿舍自修习惯就变得很困难。
如何在家自主学习英语作文【二】
有了这种自我实现的需要，学习应该是人的一种本能。人在获得生理需要、安全需要、社交需要、尊重需要的同时，自然会接受外在信息，在先前认知结构的基础上，积极主动地建构个人的知识大厦。通过活动和自主建构，个体的创造力、潜能、个性等，得以丰富、发展、完善。
按理说，学习是不需要督促的——为什么今天有那么多孩子厌学呢？原因很简单，学习的诱因是自我需要，本应该让学生充分自主，主动求索，自发进取，而学校教育将学习变成了高压灌输——思想、方法、知识，乃至一切行为都要用灌输的方式来处理。其结果是教育中的所有行为都变成了外在努力，而不是发自学生内心的追求。打个比方，学生就像小毛驴，学习就是赶路。理想的境界是在能看得见的前方摆着青草，让学生信“驴”由缰，自由奔驰；中等方略是苦口婆心地告诉“毛驴”，远方有吃不完的青草，再用根绳子拴着笼头，生拉硬扯；最次的做法是，要到哪里去毛驴不清楚，“主人”扯不动绳子就掉过头抽驴屁股……厌学由此产生。
要想让学生乐学，关注和尊重学生的需要是教育取得成功的必要条件。学生需要什么呢？搞明白这个问题，还需要从人的本性谈起。马斯洛的五种需要中，除了生理、安全、社交外，获得尊重与自我实现才是学生最实际、最迫切的`需要。其中，自我实现是“内需”，获得尊重靠“外援”。从这个意义上讲，教育就是尊重。
尊重学生，欣赏、鼓励学生，将人生的美好前景展示在学生面前，关注学生的内心世界，是教育取得成功的秘诀。德国教育家第斯多惠说：“教育的艺术不在于传授，而在于激发和鼓励。”美国艾尔莎·凯德说：“我的教学目标之一，是使学生能够把在课堂上获得的自尊和自信迁移到他们的生活中。”由这些智者的精辟论断不难看出，教育的过程首先是一个精神成长的过程，然后才能成为科学获知的一部分。
精神的成长首先需要自信。只教给知识，而没有培养信心的教育称不上成功的教育，知识有老化的时候，自信却能让心灵永远年轻。遗憾的是，我们的掐尖式选拔教育，更多地关注的是分数的获取，而对于孩子自信心的培养，不仅无人上心，往往还泼点冷水，讽刺打击。孩子只有在获得精神关怀后，才能投入地学习，而缺乏自信的孩子，遇到点困难就会退缩。所以，明智的老师第一节课都会对学生说，“你可以忘记我教的所有知识，但不要丢掉你的自信”。
精神的成长还需要自主。爱因斯坦说：“发展独立思考和独立判断能力，应始终放在首位，不应当把获得知识放在首位。”学生独立精神的缺失是当前教育的弊病之源。杜郎口中学崔其升校长说：“学生学习的敌人在于依赖，教师教学的最大悲哀在于包办。”当今的独生子女依赖心理严重，在学习上被动接受，不求甚解，即使能够完成学习任务，也不到学习的乐趣。教师教学又习惯于包办，惟恐学生不会这不会那，不敢放手，不去培养学生的独立精神，反而以“驯服”、“压制”为能事，以学生“听话”、“顺从”为管理目标，无形中剥夺了学生自主成长的机会。
有效教学要想唤醒沉睡的潜能，激活封存的记忆，开启幽闭的心智，放飞囚禁的***，前提就是归还学生的自主学习权。只有自主，才能解放学习力。就像当年的生产队吃大锅饭一样，社员没有种田自主权，于是出工不出力，造成生产效率低下。包田到户后，拥有了自主权，民农的积极性高涨，生产力大增，与此前形成鲜明对比。
自主学习，学生与教师分享控制权，以协商的形式共同承担学习任务。如果学生能对自己学习的内容作主，能自我决策、自我选择并实施学习活动，能自主表露自己的能力、需要和偏爱，自然就会对自己的学习负责，就不会再敷衍塞责、偷懒磨滑。受教育者的精神世界应该是自主、能动地生成，而不是外部力量的雕刻、打造。
自主学习必须基于对学生的尊重。尊重学生，意味着尊重学生的需要。具体说来，学生有如下需要：探究的需要、获得新体验的需要、获得认可与欣赏的需要、责任承担的需要。真正的自主会对学习产生浓厚的兴趣，为兴趣而拼搏，再累也觉不着。正像爱打球的男生在操场上挥汗如雨——出汗是享受；棋迷盯着黑白棋子——熬夜就是幸福。你让一群老太太追着足球跑，让不知围棋死活的书呆子去下棋，那比出苦力还不堪。学习需要自主，自主学习就是尊重学生，满足学生的需要。
如何在家自主学习英语作文【三】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的`一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。
按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型
1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法
1.例证法
Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。
2.定义法
An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn't be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.
本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。
3.分类法
As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.
本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people、自由派(liberal people和温和派(moderate people,并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。
4.因果关系法
Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.
第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。
5.比较对照法
I like having a twin sister. When she's happy, I'm happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what she's going to say. Sometimes, I know what she's thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.
这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。
6.过程分析法
There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.
这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally的使用加强了语句的连贯性。
Exercises
例１ 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤，写一篇短文，说明他是任何学会骑自行车的．
参考词汇： handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座
Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.
例2
请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁．
内容提示如下：
1. 在售票处（booth购买辅币（token需30便士．
2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔（slot，你就可以走下地铁．
3. 在站台等车时，要站在白线以外．注意你要去的方向．不要站错站台．
4. 上下车应迅速，因为车门关闭很快．地铁内规定不准吸烟．
注意：短文的意思要连贯． 字数：100个左右．
If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.
例3
家用电脑体积下，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏． 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助． 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文． 字数120左右．
A Family Computer
A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by
computers.
例 4
请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文，说明保护森林的必要性．
1. 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活．
2. 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾．
3. 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等等．
字数：100左右．
As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.
Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.
We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.
例 5
根据下表格提供的信息，请你推荐两本学中文的词典．
Dear Steve,
I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.
Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.
Yours, Li Yua
