暑假里,妈妈为我买了一本《木偶奇遇记》,这本书可好看了,我爱不释手,一回到家,我就捧起书津津有味的读了起来。
故事中的主人公“皮诺曹”是一位叫“盖比特”的老爷爷用木头做出来的。他可以说话,可以走路,还能上学呢。“皮诺曹”和老爷爷相依为命,生活很快乐。
故事发生在“皮诺曹”的一次上学路上。他被“老狐狸”和“坏蛋猫”抓走了,卖给了马戏团老板。马戏团老板看到“皮诺曹”不同寻常,就让他为自己赚钱,为观众表演。随后,又把“皮诺曹”送到了欢乐谷。“欢乐谷”里没有大人,没有学校,“皮诺曹”在这里尽情的玩乐,尽情的吃喝,过的不亦乐乎。
可是,没过多久,“皮诺曹”的良心——哲明理来到的时候,欢乐谷里却变成了荒凉破败的世界,“皮诺曹”也变成了一头驴子。直到这时,“皮诺曹”十分后悔,他在街道垂头丧气的说:“我要不这样该多好啊,现在,我是一头丑陋的、令人厌恶的驴子!”
不久,“皮诺曹”收到了一封信,信中写到了“盖比特”老爷爷为了救“皮诺曹”,被鲸鱼吞到了肚子里,情况十分危险。为了救爷爷,“皮诺曹”毅然的跳进海里找鲸鱼,在鱼肚里,“皮诺曹”和“盖比特”老爷爷终于相聚了,为了逃出鱼肚,“皮诺曹”放弃了自己的生命,救出了老爷爷。读到这里,我眼睛湿润了。“皮诺曹”你真是一位男子汉,你的善良、诚实、勇敢给我留下了深刻的印象。看到这里,我真希望“皮诺曹”再活过来,再和喜欢他的老爷爷一起快快乐乐的生活……
“皮诺曹”的精神感动了蓝仙子,她不仅救活了“皮诺曹”,还利用魔法把他变成了有生命的、真正的人。
读完合上书,感觉自己也和“皮诺曹”一起经历了许许多多的\'事,让我如梦如幻,身临其境。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
首先这是一部好书,不仅仅讲述了中文翻译成英文中常见的错误,更揭示了英文自身的特点和优势。可以用一个中心两个基本点来概括此书的脉络。
这个唯一的中心就是“表意清晰”。本书提出的所有注意事项,所有窍门方法均以此中心为目的。英文十分重视文字能”正确“、”简单“、”唯一“地反映作者意图,绝不模棱两可,含混不清。“表意清晰”的要求指的不仅是“understandable”,也不只是“easy to understand”,而是“must be understood”。句子,文章应尽量节省读者阅读的心力,不需要读者有意识地去分析句子结构,而在字面含义上不给读者留下任何被误读空间。
围绕这一个中心,有两个原则。第一个原则就是“简洁”:去掉一切不必要的成分。任何多余的单词,句子成分都可能带来误解和歧义,都可能模糊句子的主干,都可能增加读者阅读的心力。由这个“能省则省”的原则出发,作者提出了几个要求:
1、应去掉句子不表实际含义的虚词,动词。
2、应去掉不必要的.修饰。
3、应去掉不必要的重复。这样在作者有意使用重复时,才能引起读者的重视。
另外一个原则是“关系”:必须尽可能体现出句子成分之间,句子之间的关系并合理化之。英文中依靠词语,短语之间的关系来表达逻辑含义,句子主干。读者理解了这个关系,剩下的无非是查字典的工作。
因为这个原则,作者反对用名词去修饰名词,因为名词是“静止”的。不能合理表达词与词的关系。使用动名词,形容词,介词能够方便让读者判断句子的语法结构。personnel and materials transfer center 绝对没有 center for the transfer of pesonnel and materials 好懂。
因为这个原则,作者强调代词应该靠近其所指代的对象。利用词与词之间的距离来表明词之间的关系,利用词的位置来表明句子强调的重点。要特别警惕“悬空”的修饰词,代词,修修饰语都必须有根,有读者非常容易找到,不会被误解的根。
因为这个原则,作者突出了对偶排比结构的重要性。两个结构相似的句子,或句子成分并不仅仅给读者带来音韵和视觉上的美感,更是通过这种形式上的“重复”突出了这两个句子,或句子成分之间是有逻辑联系的,应该放在一起理解。
好的英文写作准则同好的设计准则是相同的。“惜词如金”的风格同时下大为流行的“极简主义”有暗合之处。而词与词,句子与句子之间的关系也适用于“亲近,对齐,对比,重点”这些设计准则。在平面设计中,设计师摆布的是图案和颜色;在英文写作中,写作者摆布的则是单词和句子。目标都是力求创作者“想说的话”让向听众更容易“听懂”。
原则好记,写来短短几句,但是仅仅知道原则是不够的。好的设计和好的句子不能只根据原则按图索骥,也不可能下笔有神,一蹴而就,而需要在实践中不停的打磨和淬炼。英语学习过程中,没有“顿悟”法门,只有“渐悟”一途,与君共勉。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
考场作文时间性特别强,一般五、六百字就行了,这就要求我们能够迅速切入主题。虽然不要求同学们写出“虎头”的效果,但简洁明了是最起码的要求。考场作文中常见的问题有两种:一是没有注意文章的布局,随心所欲。一篇以《感激》为题的\'中考作文,一位同学用四个自然段,写了同学、老师对自己的关心与帮助,到结尾时才出现一些让人感动的画面,这样,文章就显得主次不分,情节不集中,这类文章一般只能评为三类或四类文;二是一些写作基础较好的同学,总想把最好的内容、最美的句子全写下来,出现了词语堆砌、拖沓冗长的问题。一篇题为《享受家庭的乐趣》的中考作文,第一段就用了200多字的景物描写,语句虽美,但由于没能抓住重点,文章还是落入了三类文的行列。
近年来,中考作文难度有所下降,体裁已不再进行单一地限制,试题一般都有“除诗歌外文体不限”的提示,考生可以自由地选择最擅长的文体进行写作,但是从考场作文情况来看,不少同学误以为“淡化文体”就是不要文体,“文体不限”就是取消文体,致使所写的文章文体特点不突出,有的文章开头像议论文,有论点,也有论据,可写着写着就变成了记叙文;有的文章写成了记叙文,可又缺少时间、地点、事件等要素,这样的文章自然无法讲清道理,写清故事,显得不伦不类,中考作文要避免四种毛病。
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