这本书花了我300元。
I spent 300 yuan on the book.
I paid 300 yuan for the book.
The price of the book is 300 yuan.
It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.
我不懂什么英语,李明也不懂。
I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming.
I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming.
I know no more English than Li Ming does.
I know as little English as Li Ming does.
一到家,我就把所见到的一切都记了下来。
On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen.
Dear Mr. President,
My name is Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in International Trade. Having learned and lived on campus for nearly two years, I have found university life most exciting and instructive.
What happens around me every day has left a deep impression on me, but what strikes me most is the canteen service on campus, so that for some time I have had the keen desire to write to you, sharing with you my positive comments on and negative feelings about it. On the one hand, we are happy to see that the canteen staff has been sparing no efforts to guarantee food quality. As a result, we are relieved from the anxiety that some food might be dirty, stale and inedible. We also feel contented with the service provided by the canteen, enjoying food in a homely atmosphere. On the other hand, improvements should be made for the simple reason that prices for dishes are unreasonably high, and that the canteen is not spacious enough and too noisy at times.
Therefore, to improve the overall service of the canteen the strengths should be encouraged, while the weaknesses ought to be overcome by lowering prices and expanding the canteen if possible.
So people call it Mountain City。 In Chong Qing,I went to the Red Stone Center, to see the places which the prisoners lived in the past。 It is a terrible and awful trip。 There are a lot of dogs, and soldiers with guns near the prisons。 And most of the prisons are good, they didn't want to tell the bad people where the other people were。 They lived in very small houses。 No good food to eat, no good water to drink。They had only twenty minutes to stay out side per day but they still said nothing。
I think they are the heros in that century。 I will follow their spirit。
Dear Headmaster,
I am very glad to write to you. These days we are talking about how to make our school more beautiful. Here are some of my suggestions.
First, a library with a lot of interesting books in it should be built, so that we can read in our spare time every day. Second, we expect our own dancing hall and piano room. Many of us like dancing, and some are even good at playing the piano. Third, we dream of having a playing-field with many flowers and green trees around. We can exercise there every day to make our body strong. Finally, I suggest teachers in our school organize more colorful after-class activities for students.
In a word, I hope our school will attract more visitors and I wish her a good future.
Thanks for your reading!
Yours sincerely,
Liu Yu
一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来,英语说明文与其它文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。
1. Who:问的是这篇文章的主体是谁?(即所要说明和描述的人或事物)
2. What:问的是主体做了什么事情?(即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途)
3. When和Where:是在何时何地发生的`?(即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途)
4. How:通过什么方式表现出来的?
5. Why:这种特性功能用途的原因是什么?
做说明文阅读阅读的时候,一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读,边搜记,牢记要点,把握全文。
二.说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说,高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种:
1. 细节理解题
说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y、Second(1y、Third(1yFinally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证,这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导,命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、
相反的比较、偷换对象的比较,经常出现在干扰项中,考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较,才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等,命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处,只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同,而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。
2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律,事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白,因此学术性强的生词较多,所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文,分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的,并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象,这类题目常以 it,they,them 等代词为命题点,因此考生要根据上下文语境,认真阅读原文,分析动作转换背景,弄清动作不同执行者,以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。
3. 主旨理解题
说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major
surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干,掌握问题的类型,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。
4. 判断推理题。
这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2 The author suggests that...(3 The story implies that…(4 Which point of view may the author agree to?(5 From the passage we can conclude that...(6 The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的,它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系,文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义,考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题,这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点,要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文,并对照原文介绍的情况,弄清图示的差异,根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如:动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题,考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断,了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具,是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。
观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。
【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
【问题设计】
According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?
A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.
C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.
杨澜说“决定你是什么,不是你拥有的能力,而是你的选择。”人生路上最紧要的选择只有几次。选择不同,决定人生道路不同。正如航空航天科学家孙家栋说的那样:“人生没有选择,国家需要,我就去做。”这是孙家栋没有选择的选择带给我们人生最深刻的启示。人生是一场没有选择的旅行,“既然选择了远方,便只顾风雨兼程。”
事业的需要,他选择一生做工人。“每个人都有各自的发展之路,有人读书厉害……有人动手能力强,只要肯吃苦,技术工人倒很合适。”这是当代大国工匠顾秋亮的肺腑之言。顾秋亮的人生选择了做技艺高超的工人。43年钳工生涯,练就了能把误差降到小于1毫米的1/100的绝活。装配“蛟龙号”,实现0.2丝以下精密度;将要退休的他,又迎来了组装中国首个自主设计制造4500米载人潜水器的挑战。他放弃高新聘请,选择在热爱的钳工岗位上坚守。他认为,自己就是祖国需要的一颗螺丝钉。
祖国的需要,是我人生最大选择。在报考大学时,钱学森人生第一次选择,力排众议报考交大,决心建铁路报国。在交大校园里目睹日寇飞机狂轰乱炸,他随即作出第二次选择:改学航空工程,造出能打下日本飞机的飞机。学习中,他感到航空工程缺少理论指导。于是钱学森作出第三次选择:从事航空理论的研究。征得父亲的支持,他只身一人来到加州理工学院,敲开了后来他的导师冯·卡门教授的门。新中国刚成立,钱学森做出第四次选择:回国搞建设,把毕生精力贡献给祖国航天事业。1982年钱学森又作出第五次选择:再次回到学术理论研究当中。15年间,他在系统科学、思维科学等诸多领域提出一系列新观点、新思想、新理论。当一个人把自己的前途命运跟祖国联系在一起的时候,他的选择就凸显出英明和睿智,就能创造出人生的辉煌,将自我价值最大化地发挥出来。
民族的需要,鲁迅选择弃医从文。改变行业,不仅需要勇气,更需要理性。在国难当头,民族危亡之际,鲁迅毅然抛弃医学救国的`梦想。艰难地选择文学救国的道路。他在孤寂中呐喊,在冷遇中反思,他痛苦中探索,用匕首和投枪一样的笔英勇作战,成为新文化运动的坚强旗手,唤醒民族觉醒,反抗日寇和国民党反动派。成为人民爱戴,敌人害怕的坚强战士。“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血荐轩辕”,他矢志不渝践行了人生不悔的选择。
反观那些背信弃义的民族的败类,他们为自私可伶的一己之利,充当敌特走狗,选择出卖人民的利益,获取私利,最终被钉在历史的耻辱柱上。选择自信,收获勇气;选择磨砺,收获坚强;选择奉献,收获幸福。青年朋友们,在实现民族伟大复兴中,将自己融入民族发展的大业,人生才能创造出更大的辉煌,践行马克思的:“如果我们选择了最能为人类福利而劳动的职业,我们就不会被他的重负所压倒……”
相关拓展阅读:
2016年高考到了最后的冲刺时间,对于作文一项,我们还没有***出重围的机会呢?小编将提供各大套路,让你抓住阅卷人的心,话不多说,先给大家提供18招式。
1、充分发挥自己的优势。认识水平高、擅长理性思维的同学可选择议论文,擅长形象思维、会刻画人物的同学可选择微型小说,擅长抒情的同学可选择散文。
2、精写前几段,给评卷老师留下一个好印象。要精雕细刻,要出彩。比如,可开门见山,直奔主题;可制造悬念,引人入胜;可提出问题,引人注意;或巧用排比、比喻、拟人等修辞手法,或巧述故事,引人入胜,或巧用题记,揭示主旨,或巧用诗文显诗意。写好结尾和过渡段。阅卷老师一般是S型的扫描全文。结尾可画龙点睛,发人深思;或总结全文,照应开头;或虚笔拓展,扩大容量;或精辟议论,深化主旨。
3、要给自己充足的构思时间,不要急于动笔。“宁停三分,不争一秒”,因为写作是“开弓没有回头箭”的,写到一半,突然发现,呀,把题目理解错了,或没领会好命题的要求。最可怕的是文章写到一半,又想另起炉灶。时间没了,心情也坏了,干着急。建议打草稿,防止“三边工程”(边立项,边设计,边施工。考场作文不宜见异思迁,边写边改。要贯彻一种构思。一旦构思已定,就不要轻易改变。
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