Every year, with the coming of spring, the weather will get warmer. And we usually have a spring outing at this time of the year.
Because of the warm and pleasant days, many people would like to go for an outing. I still remember one of my spring outings, for it was a very interesting experience. It was a bright and cheerful morning. I made a decision to visit a famous mountain near our campus. I went along with some of my schoolmates. We were singing and laughing all the way. There was a large piece of green grass land at the mountain foot. When we were climbing, we could see many beautiful flowers on the mountainside. The mountain was very high ,but we reached its top at last. There, we visited a temple and had a talk with a monk. He told us something about the history of the temple and we got to know about Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. From the mountain top, we could get a birds-eye view of our campus. It seemed very small.
When it was getting dark we returned. Although we were very tired at night, we were too excited to go to sleep.
Comes spring! Lets have an outing!
赖世雄,男,1948年出生于南京,祖籍广西永淳,赖教授最高学历是在美国明尼苏达大学修得大众传播与英语教学双硕士学位,以及博士班研究。曾多次担任国际性逐步及同步口笔译,1998年创立《常春藤解析英语杂志社》,出版专业性的英语学习杂志与丛书,曾在十多家知名广播电台担任英语教学节目主讲。2003年3月创立《赖世雄智网文教机构》,致力研发儿童美语教材,拓展儿童美语教学加盟事业,期将英语教育从小扎根。
2003年10月31日《中国图书商报》评选赖老师为“英语学习的风云人物”---中国十大名师之一,前10名人物中排行第5名,且为十名中,唯一来自中国台湾地区的英语界名师!
学习篇
17.TheJoyofReading
Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.Peoplewhoreadareusuallymoreopen-mindedandrarelybored.Throughreadingdifferentkindsofbooks,youcanbroadenyourmindandstimulateyourimagination.
Furthermore,readingisnotanexpensivepastime.Itdoesn'tcostyoumuchmoneybecauseyoucaneasilyborrowbooksfromalibraryorfriends.Itisespeciallygoodforthewholefamily.Forinstance,myfamilylikestoread.Weoftenspendeveningstogetherdiscussingliteratureandsharinginsightsfrombooks.Hence,readingbringsusclosertogether.
阅读的乐趣
阅读之于心灵犹如运动之于身体。阅读的人心胸通常较为开阔且鲜少感到无聊。通过阅读不同种类的书,你可以开阔心胸和激发想象力。
此外,阅读是一种花费不多的消遣。它不会花你许多钱,因为你可以很容易地向图书馆或朋友借到书。阅读对于全家人而言特别有益。举例来说,我的家人喜欢阅读。我们经常利用晚上的时间聚在一起讨论文学和分享从书中得来的见解。因此,阅读使我们更亲密地在一起。
18.WhyLearnEnglish?
TherearemanyadvantagestolearningEnglish.Englishisaninternationallanguage.Ifyoucanspeakit,you'llhavelittledifficultytravelinganywhere.Andifyoucanreadit,youcanacquirefirsthandinformationaboutwhatisgoingonintheworld.MasteringEnglish,however,can'tbedoneovernight.Ittakestimeandpatience.
Tobeginwith,youshouldgetyourselfagooddictionary.Consultitwhenencounteringawordyoudon'tunderstand.Anyreadingmaterialisfine,butmakesureyoustudyforatleasttwohourseveryday.KeepinmindthattherearenoshortcutstolearningEnglish.Ittakesalotofhardwork,buttherewardiswellworththeeffort.
为何学英语?
学英语有许多好处英语是国际语言如果你会说英语,那么你到任何地方去都不会有什么困难。而且如果你会读英语的话,那么你对世界上所发生的事可随时获得第一手的资料。然而精通英语却不是一朝一夕就可办到的这需要时间和耐心。
首先,你必须给自己找一本好词典。遇到你不懂的单词时就要查词典。任何的阅读材料都可以,但是务必要做到每天至少读两个小时的书。切记学英语是没有捷径的。这需要下很多功夫,但就其获益而言,这样的努力是非常值得的。
19.OneWaytoImproveYourEnglish
Myclassmate,Lily,andIarethebeststudentsinourEnglishclass.DoyouknowhowweimproveourEnglish?Wemeettwiceaweekinacoffeeshoptopractice.WespendthewholeafternoondiscussingawiderangeoftopicsinEnglish.ThenonceaweekanAmericanfriend,Stan,doeslanguageexchangewithus.WeteachhimChineseandheteachesusEnglish.Inlessthansixmonths,wehaveimprovedbyleapsandbounds.
WehavealsometotherAmericans
throughStan.NowwehavequiteafewAmericanfriends.Andofcourse,wealwaysspeakEnglishwiththem.ThiswayoflearningEnglishhasworkedwondersforus.Maybeitcouldworkforyou,too.
提高英语的方法
我和我的的同学莉莉是我们英语班上成绩最好的学生。你知道我们是如何使英语进步的吗?我们每星期在一家咖啡厅见面两次练习英语,我们整个下午都用英语讨论各种不同的主题。然后一位美国朋友斯坦每个星期和我们做一次语言交流。我们教他中文,他则教我们英语。不到6个月的时间,我们的英语便突廷猛进。
通过斯坦我们也认识了其他的美国人。现在我们已经有了不少的美国朋友。当然,我们总是用英语和他们交谈。这种学英语的方法对我们产生了惊人的效果,或许这对你也有用哦。
20.LearningfromMistakes
Somepeoplethinkthatmakingmistakesisshameful.Butthefactofthematteristhatmistakesareacommonpartofeveryone'slife.Nooneisperfect.It'sueasonabletoexpectapersontoberightallthetime.However,weshoulddoourutmosttoavoidmakingthesamemistaketwice.
Itismyfeelingthatmakingamistakemayturnouttobeagoodthing.Itisthroughourerrorsthatwecanfindthepathtodoingthingscorrectly.Finally,itisimportanttorememberthatfewmistakesaresoterriblethattheycannotbecorrected.
从错误中学习
有些人认为犯错是可耻的。但事实上,犯错是每个人生活中很普通的事。没有人是完美无瑕的。期望一个人永远正确是不合理的,然而,我们应该竭尽所能避免再犯相同的错误。我觉得犯错反而可能是一件好事。通过错误我们才能找到把事情做对的途径。最后,还有很重要的一点必须记住,那就是几乎没有任何错误会严重到无法改正的地步。
21.EnglishandI
Englishusedtobeaheadachetome.Ialwaysfounditdifficulttomemorizenewvocabulary.GrammarwasalsoaclosedbooktomebecausethereweremanyexceptionstotherulesIhadlearned,whichalmostdrovemecrazy.Needlesstosay,myEnglishwaspoor,butIpersevered.
Fortunately,Ihadapatientteacher-Ratherthanscoldme,hekeptonencouragingme.Withhishelpandmydiligence,myEnglishimprovedstepbystep.Aftersometime,Ididn'tseemtobestrugglinginEnglishanymore.Infact,Englishisnowmystrongestsubject.Itonlygoestoshowthatthere'snosubstituteforhardwork.
我和英语
英语以前对我而言是件头痛的事。我总是觉得记新的单词很困难。我对语法也一窍不通,因为我所学的语法规则里有很多例外,而这几乎把我逼疯了。不用说,我的英语很烂,但我却持之以恒。
幸运的是,我有个很有耐心的老师,他没有责备我,反而一直鼓励我。在他的帮助和我的勤奋之下,我的英语逐渐地进步。过了一些时日,我在学英语方面似乎不再那么辛苦了。
事实上,英语现在是我最强的一科,这就说明了没有什么事情可以代替努力用功。
想像篇
10.If1WereaUniversityStudent
Goingtouniversityhasbeenmydreamforalongtime.IfIhadthechancetobecomeauniversitystudent,Iwouldmakeeveryefforttoexpandmyknowledge.Iwouldnotonlystudyartasmymajor,butalsominorinphilosophyandEnglishliterature.
Inthemeantime,Iwouldalsoinvolvemyselfinextracurricularactivitiessuchasswimmingandmountainclimbing.Andlastbutnotleast,Iwouldpursuethemostbeautifulladyoncampus.Withthesegoalsinmind,Iamdeterminedtostudyashardaspossibletomakemydreamcometrue.
如果我是个大学生
长久以来上大学一直是我的梦想。如果我有机会成为大学生的话,我会尽全力来扩充我的知识。我不仅要主修艺术,而且还要副修哲学和英国文学。
同时,我也要参加像游泳和爬山等的课外活动。最后还有一件重要的事情就是,我要去追求校园内最漂亮的女生。在这些目标的驱使下,我决心要努力学习以实现我的梦想。
11.WhatIWanttoDoaftertheCEE
EvenasachildIhadamusicalbent,andenjoyedplayingthepiano.InhighschoolIdreamedofplayingtheguitarinarockband,butbecauseofthepressureofschoolwork,Ineverhadenoughtimetopractice,nordidanyofmyclassmates.
However,onceIentercollege,Iintendtodevotemoretimetomypersonalinterests,especiallymusic.PerhapsI'llbeabletogettogetherwithotherschoolmatesofsimilardisposition,andfinallyformthatbandI'vealwaysdreamedof.
高考后我最想做的事
自小我就对音乐相当喜爱,而且喜欢弹钢琴。高中时,我梦想在摇滚乐团里弹吉他,但是因为学业的压力,我和同学都没有足够的时间练习。
然而,一旦我上了大学,我打算多花些时间在个人兴趣上,特别是音乐。或许我能和其他志同道合的同学联合起来组成那个我一直梦想的乐团。
12.IfIWontheLottery
Towinfirstprizeinthelotteryismostpeople'sdream.IfIweretheluckyone,Iwouldspendmanysleeplessnightsoutofexcitementplanningforthefuture.Iwoulddividemymoneyintotwoparts:halfformyparentsandhalfformyself.
OverseastravelwouldbethefirstthingthatIwoulddo.RomanticEurope,thewildsofAfricaandmysteriousSoutheastAsiaarethedreamlandsthatIwouldsee.Iwouldbeabletoputthedrudgeryofstudyingasideandleavemyworldfullofpressuresfarbehindforawhile.Oh!IfonlyIcouldwinthelottery!
假如我中大奖
中一等奖是大多数人的梦想如果我是那名幸运者,我会兴奋得花很多夜晚计划未来而不能成眠我会把钱分成两部分:一半给父母,一半留给我自己。
国外旅行将会是我想做的第一件事浪漫的欧洲、非洲的原野以及神秘的东南亚都是我想一窥其貌的乐土二我就能够暂时把乏味的功课放在一边,将我那充满压力的小天地抛诸脑后啊!但愿我能中奖!
13.WhenIGrowUp
WhenIgrowup,Idon'twanttobelikemyparents.Idon'twanttobelikemyteacher,either.Infact,Idon'twanttobelikeanybodyIknow.Everybodyisjusttoobusy.Theydon'tseemtohavetimeforanythingexceptwork.Theyhavetheirlives,buttome,theyaren'treallyliving.Theremustbemoretolifethanjustwork.
Ihave,therefore,decidedthatwhenIgrowup,Iwanttobeawriter.Iwilltravelaroundasmuchaspossibletolearnaboutlife.Eventually,I'llwriteabooktellingpeoplehowtoliveafulllife.Imaybetooambitious,butIbelievethatonedaymydreamwillcometrue.
当我长大后
我长大后,不要像我父母一样我也不要像我的老师二事实上,我不要像我认识的任何人。每个人都太忙碌了。他们似乎除了工作之外就没有时间做任何事:他们有自己的生活,但对我而言,他们并不是真的活。生活中一定有比工作更重要的事。
因此,我决定长大后要当作家:我要尽可能到世界各地去旅行来体验人生。最后,我要写一本书来告诉人们如何过充实的生活我也许野心太大了,但我相信我的梦想总有一天会实现的。
人物篇
1.MyFather
OneofmyearliestmemoriesofDadisthathewouldoftenleavethehouseatdawntogojogging.HewasatraditionalChinesefather,whichmeansthathedidn'tshowhisaffectionforhiskidseasily.AndheandIdidn'ttalkmuch.
Sometimeago,hemademegojoggingwithhim.IhateditbecauseIdidn'tknowwhattosaytohim.Needlesstosay,IdidnotenjoyexercisingwithDad.However,astimewentby,heandIbegantotalkwhilejogging.Later,heevenbegantotellmejokes!ItwasasideofhimthatIhadneverseenbefore.I'mBaldthathemademegojoggingwithhimbecauseourrelationshiphasgreatlyimprovedasaresult.
我的`父亲
我对父亲最早的一些记忆之一是他以前常在黎明时离家去慢跑。他是一个传统的中国父亲,这意味着他不轻易对儿女表露他的情感,而且我和他并不常交谈。
前一阵子,他叫我和他去慢跑。我讨厌和他慢跑,因为我不知道要和他说什么。不用说,我不喜欢和爸爸一起运动。然而,随着时间推移,我和他开始在慢跑时交谈。后来,他甚至开始讲笑话给我听!这是我以前从未见过的一面。我很高兴他要我和他去慢跑,因为我们的父子关系因此大为改善。
2.MyNeighbor
NexttouslivesMr.Zhang,whoisastreet-sweeper.Heisinhisearlysixtiesandlooksquitesternbut,infact,heiseasytogetalongwithandisalwaysconsiderateofothers.Eventhoughheisuneducated,heisapleasantmantotalkto.
Rainorshine,hegoesouttoworkintheearlymorningwhenthereislittletrafficontheroad.Becauseuncaringpeoplelitterthestreetswithsomuchgarbage,hecannottakearestuntilnoon.Tomysurprise,henevercomplainsabouthishardanddirtywork.Inaword,Idon'tlookdownuponhimjustbecauseheisastreet-sweeper;instead,Irespectmykindneighbor.
我的邻居
我们家隔壁住着一位张先生,他是一个清道夫。他年约60出头,看起来很严肃;但事实上,他很容易相处而且总是为别人设想。虽然他没受过教育,但和他交谈是件令人愉快的事。不论晴雨,他都会在一大早交通流量还很小时就出去工作。因为那些没有公德心的人会在街道上乱丢大量的垃圾,所以他直到中午才能休息。令我惊讶的是,他从不抱怨他那辛苦又肮脏的工作。总之,我不会因他是个清道夫就看不起他;相反地,我尊敬我的这位好邻居。
3.MyMother
Mymotherwasanelementaryschoolteacheruntilsheretiredtwoyearsago.Shedevotedherselftoteachingforforty-fiveyears.Thatis,shespentthebestpartofherlifeeducatingherstudents.Althoughsheisn'tateachernow,sheisstillverymuchconcernedaboutthedevelopmentofeducationinTaiwan.
ThoughMomisnolongeracareerwoman,sheisbusyallthetime.Eachdayshegetsupearlytoprepareourbreakfastanddoesallthehousework.Inaddition,shegoestoatempleandvolunteerstohelpthepriestsandworshipperswithlittlechores.AsTeacher'sDayisdrawingnear,Iwishhereternalhealthandhappiness.Afterall,mothersaretheworld'sgreatesteducators.
我的妈妈
我妈妈本来是个小学老师,她在两年前退休了。她献身教育达45年之久。换句话说,她把最美好的青春岁月用来教导她的学生。虽然她现在不是老师,但她仍然很关心台湾的教育发展。
虽然妈妈不再是职业妇女,但她仍然无时无刻不在忙。她每天都早起准备我们的早餐和做所有的家务。此外,她也到一座寺庙去自愿帮助那些僧侣及信徒们做些小杂事。因为教师节快到了,我祝她永远健康快乐。毕竟,妈妈们是世界上最伟大的教育家。
4.MyBrother
Inhisteachers'andmyparents'eyes,myyoungestbrotherisasidetrackedyoungman,butinmine,heisamusicalgenius.Hehasaterribleattendancerecordatschoolandactuallyquitgoingtwice.Thefactisthatit'smusicwhichreallyinterestshim.Indeed,hehasamusicalbent;hesingswell,isgiftedincomposingsongs,andevenformedabandwithhisbuddies.
Ienjoylisteningtothesongshewritesand,althoughthelyricsaresortofimmature,theycomestraightfromtheheart.Hesayshisdreamistomakemusichiscareer.Whoknowsifheisontherighttrackornot?ButIdoknowthatwhateverhedoes,musicwillalwaysbeapartofhislife.
我的弟弟
在老师和父母眼中,我的弟弟是个偏离正途的年轻人,然而在我眼中,他是个音乐天才。他出勤的记录很差,实际上还休学两次。事实上真正令他感兴趣的是音乐。他的确很有音乐天分:他歌唱得好,有作词作曲的天赋,甚至还跟他的哥们儿组成一支乐团。
我喜欢听他写的歌,虽然歌词有点不成熟,但那是直接发自他内心的情感。他说他的梦想是献身音乐工作。谁知道他走的是不是正途呢?但我倒知道不管他做什么,音乐永远是他生活中的一部分。
经历篇
5.OnaCrowdedbus
Iamaseniorhighstudentwhohastocommutefromhometoschooleveryday.Itisalwaysanordealformetotrytogetonacrowdedbus.IamoftensqueezedsohardthatIcan'tbreathe.
April 18th is a special day for us . because we have a spring outing . In the morning ,we get on the school bus with many titbits . First , we get to the Zhejiang Museum , and watch many antigues . We are excited to know “ the 7000 years in Zhejiang ” , then we come to the Zhongshan Park . We feel a little tired, so some of us sit on the grass to have a rest . but some classmates climb the artificial hills to explore something .
They look very happy . In the park ,there are many beautiful flowers and lovely birds. Everyone takes lots of pictures with them. In the afternoon, we come back to school. All of us are happy, although we feel tired. We think this spring outing is funny and unforgettable.
Today, it is spring outing. We going to HaiWan park and Science museum .We go there with my teachers and classmates. We have picnic .
We have cookie rice break , eggs .We are very happy. After lunch we are going to climling hill.Today we are very happy. We went to the Science museum was very beautiful. We took many photos, After later we went to See film.
伍谦光(1995∶200指出:“‘语音歧义’往往是由于句中词语的‘连续’而产生的歧义。”语音歧义多出现于口语中,主要是由上图表中的同音异义词以及部分同形同音异义中的C类(即一些意义不同,但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的。下面是一实例:
(22“面包是怎么做的?”
“这我知道!”阿丽丝热心地叫道。
“准备一些面粉(flour——”
“到哪儿去采花(flower?”白女王问道,“花园里还是树篱上?”
“咦,面粉不是采(picked来的,”阿丽丝解释道,
“它是磨(ground出来的——”
“那要多少英亩土地(ground呢?”白女王又问道。
——刘易士·卡罗尔《阿丽丝漫游奇境记》
上面这一段文字因为运用了语音歧义,造成了很好的幽默效果。首先flour与flower是同音异义词,因此白女王把面粉flour理解成了花粉flower。其次阿丽丝用的ground是动词grind(磨碎、碾碎的过去分词,而白女王把ground理解成了“土地”。这一组就是笔者认为的由意义不同、但某些语法形式相同的词(Homoforms造成的语音歧义。
Last Thursday, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing.
The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view . However, when we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter and put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin respectively.
We were tired but happy.
Paul Robert在《英语句子结构》(English Sentence Structure一书中指出:“据多数情况来看,歧义的产生并非故意的。它是由运用句子结构时的疏忽造成的,以致没有能够将可以使意义清晰的标记包罗到句子中去。(周立人,1997∶6”于是忽视使用表明句子结构的句法代号就引起了语法歧义。伍谦光(1995∶199认为:“‘语法歧义’是指由于对句子中的句法结构有不同理解而产生的歧义。”语法歧义最常见,也最复杂。下面是一些具有代表性的类例:
1.1词性
一个句子往往由于无法确定某个词的词性而变得无法理解。
(1College demands change.
很明显,例句中的demands既可理解为动词,也可理解为名词。change同样如此。于是此句就产生了两个不同的意思:(1大学要求改革。demands是动词,change是名词。(2大学的要求改变了。demands是名词,change是动词。
1.2名词(修饰语+名词
1.2.1复合名词或名词短语
(2an English teacher
此例在书面语中易引起歧义:(1一位教英语的老师。English teacher是一个复合名词。(2一位来自英国的老师。English作为修饰语加在名词前构成名词短语。
1.2.2-ing+名词
(3Flying planes can be dangerous.
此句也产生了两种意思:(1驾驶飞机会是危险的。Flying是动名词。(2正在驾驶的飞机会有危险。Fling是现在分词,作形容词用。
1.3带有’s的名词所有格
(4This is his teacher’s book.
句子中teacher’s book可以是一个整体,即“教师用书”。但his teacher也可以是一个整体,即“他的老师”。所以此句产生了两个意思:(1这是他的教师用书。(2这是他老师的书。
1.4不定式动词短语
(5The tiger is too small to kill.
此例也有两种含义:(1这只老虎太小以致于不能伤人。此意对tiger来说,是主动的动作。(2这只老虎太小了,还不能被***。此意对tiger来说,是被动的动作。
1.5“及物动词+宾语”结构
(6I found Jim an experienced teacher.
及物动词found后面接了两个名词Jim和an experienced teacher。这句话有两个意思:(1我发现吉姆原来是一位有的老师。(2我为吉姆找到了一位有经验的老师。
1.6并列连词and
(7Tom and Lucy are married.
此句可理解为:(1汤姆和露西两个成了亲。其中and连接两个名词,构成一个简单句。(2汤姆和露西两个都已结婚。该句可看作一个并列句。
1.7悬挂式否定词not
(8His object is not to eat.
此句产生的两种意思为:(1他的目的不是吃。作此意讲时,is和not的关系紧密,可写作isn’t。(2他的目的是绝食。作此意讲时,not与to eat的关系紧密,形成“绝食”的含义。因此not是悬挂式的(即可以自由摆动。
1.8悬挂式代词
(9The man informed his brother that he should lose weight.
人称代词he位于两个名词the man和his brother之后,句意变得模糊:(1这个男的告诉他的哥哥他自己应该减肥。人称代词he代指the man。(2这个男的告诉他的哥哥他应该减肥。这时人称代词he代指his brother。
1.9悬挂式状语修饰成分
(10The people who saw the play frequently praised it.
这里的frequently很难说是修饰saw the play还是praised的,因为状语修饰成分是“悬挂的”,所以产生了两个意思:(1经常看戏的人们称赞了它。(2看了这出戏的人们频繁地称赞它。
1.10悬挂式定语修饰成分
(11Lily likes the vase on the table which she bought yesterday.
此句中的which she bought yesterday是定语从句,这个定语从句可认为是修饰vase,也可以认为是修饰table。也引起了歧义:(1莉莉喜欢放在桌子上的那个昨天买的花瓶。(2莉莉喜欢放在昨天买的桌子上的那个花瓶。
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