作文的框架结构和思路【一】
准确是说明语言的特点。分析说明文语言，就是看遣词造句是怎样准确说明被说明事物的特征的。要注意分析关键词语的作用。如《向沙漠进军》一文中“沙漠是人类最顽强的自然敌人之一”中去掉“最”不足以说明沙漠危害之严重；去掉“自然”“敌人”性质就不清楚；去掉“之一”就绝对化了。
作文的框架结构和思路【二】
概括要点时，要重视首括句、尾结句或提问式语句的作用，重视给概念下定义或解说的语句的.作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。概括要点时最好用完整的句子，意思要简明扼要。在逐段概括要点的基础上，用"同类合并"的方法，把全文划分为相对独立的几部分，概括出每部分的大意，把每部分的大意依次连缀起来，就能比较清楚地显示出全文的说明顺序了。使用什么说明顺序，还要看说明的对象。一般来说，说明事物的演变发展的，用时间顺序；说明建筑物的，用空间顺序；介绍高科技产品或说明事物间的联系的。用逻辑顺序。作文的框架结构和思路【三】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
作文的框架结构和思路【四】
阅读说明文时，边读边标出文章所使用的说明方法，然后总结主要使用了哪些方法，并进而分析这些说明方法对准确说明事物特征所起的作用。
作文的框架结构和思路【五】
在论证中，文章的几个层次，段落之间的关系是平行的，就是并列式。这是经常使用的一种结构方式。
写作时，根据需要，大体有两种情况：
1、是为了论述方便，说理清楚透彻，把文章的论点进行分解，分成几个分论点。这些分论点之间的关系是平行的，并列的。
2、是在论证过程中，为了充分摆事实，讲道理，把几个论据并列起来。
并列关系的顺序安排可以灵活，但是应该考虑并列关系的几个方面的轻重程度及其相互关系。一般的说，应把最重要的放在最前面。当然，有时几个并列的方面并没有程度的差别，安排顺序时只要符合一般的思维习惯就可以，不一定有严格的次序。
从形式上说，为了使读者一目了然，几个并列的层次或段落，可以在前面标以“第一”、“第二”、……或“首先”、“其次”等。
作文的框架结构和思路【六】
概括要点时，要重视首括句、尾结句或提问式语句的作用，重视给概念下定义或解说的语句的作用。阅读时可以把这些语句勾画出来。概括要点时最好用完整的句子，意思要简明扼要。在逐段概括要点的基础上，用同类合并的方法，把全文划分为相对独立的几部分，概括出每部分的大意，把每部分的大意依次连缀起来，就能比较清楚地显示出全文的说明顺序了。使用什么说明顺序，还要看说明的对象。一般来说，说明事物的演变发展的，用时间顺序；说明建筑物的，用空间顺序；介绍高科技产品或说明事物间的`联系的。用逻辑顺序。
作文的框架结构和思路【七】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
