Jane Eyre, is a poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book, after having a long journey of the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelous figure, has left us so much to recall and to think:
We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes, for someone who despised her for her ordinariness, and even for someone who had hurt her deeply in the past.
We remember her pursuit of justice. It’s like a panion with the goodness. But still, a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side.
We remember her self-respect and the clear situation on equality. In her opinion, everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance, but all the human being are equal in personality.
We also remember her striving for life, her toughness and her confidence…
When we think of this girl, what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her ersonality.
Actually, she wasn’t pretty, and of course, the ordinary appearance didn’t make others feel good of her, even her own aunt felt disgusted with it. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down on and to tease, so when Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre, she seemed quite contemptuous, for that she was obviously much more prettier than ‘the plain and ugly governess’. But as the little governess had said: ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealth, but instead, God gave her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.
In my mind, though a person’s beauty on the face can make others once feel that one is attractive and charming, if his or her mind isn’t the same beautiful as the appearance, such as beauty cannot last for, when others find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a falsity, it’s not true, they will like the person no more. For a long time, only a person’s GREat virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as AN EVERLASTING BEAUTY, just as Kahill Gibran has said, that ‘Beauty is a heart enflamed and a soul enchanted’. I can feel that how beauty really is, as we are all fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but as there are great differences in our souls, and from that, we can know that whether a man is noble or ordinary, and even obscure, that is, whether he is beautiful or not.
Her story makes us thinking about life and we learn much from her experience, at least, that is a fresh new recognition of the real beauty.
中医四大经典 中医四大经典指的是中医发展史上起到重要作用,具有里程碑意义的四部经典巨著,对古代乃至现代中医都有着巨大的指导作用与研究价值。关于四大经典的具体组成存在争议。目前学术界一般将《黄帝内经》、《难经》、《伤寒杂病论》、《神农本草经》看做是中医四大经典。也有部分中医教材把《黄帝内经》、《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》、《温病条辨》当作四大经典。目前采用前者说法的较多。
《金匮要略》是张仲景著述的中医经典古籍之一。看过《金匮要略》之后,第一个启示就是《金匮要略》中的养生观和“治未病”的思想。在脏腑经络先后病脉证第一篇中,他提到“若五脏元真通畅,人即安和”,这就是说只要五脏个主要功能正常,五脏之间关系协调,五脏各属系统功能正常,人体机能就可以保持一种调畅的状态,就不容易感病或者内生疾病,也就是我们常听到的“正气存内,邪不可干”。若人能“养慎”,既内养正气,外慎风寒,则即使患病,也不容易便为坏病,容易医治。其实也就是告诉我们要懂得养生之道,人本与自然,之所以中药能够治病也就在于此,人和中药同属大自然的产物,本身属性就是形同的。所以在日常的生活中我们应该顺超自然的规律,才能不断逼近“阴平阳秘,精神乃治”的境界。“治未病”是有三从含义的:即未病先防、即病防传和后防复。在《金匮要略》中,她提到“夫治未病者,见杆之病,知肝传脾,当先实脾。”这里主要是在强调即病防传的中药性,已患肝病虚证,为防止金晦肝木,则要在治肝病的同时,补土制水以助火制金。这才是“上工”的境界。这种精神也在文中多处体现出来了,如在治疗风湿兼气虚是的防已黄氏汤中,“胃中不和者,加芍药三分”,在肾病传心的乌头赤石脂丸证,心病传肺的百合地黄汤证,肺病传肝的“肝色青而反色白”,脾病传肾的干姜笭术汤证中也都有提及,故要严加防范,先安其未受邪、未受病之地。“治未病”思想贯穿全书始终,证明仲师认为“治未病”与治病同等重要,甚至可以说是更重要。
《黄帝内经》是我国医学宝库中现存成书最早的一部医学典籍。是研究人的生理学、病理学、诊断学、治疗原则和药物学的医学巨著。那《黄帝内经》是什么意思呢?内经,不少人认为是讲内在人体规律的,有的人认为是讲内科的,但相关专家认为《黄帝内经》 是一部讲“内求”的书,要使生命健康长寿,不要外求,要往里求、往内求,所以叫“内经”。也就是说你要使生命健康, 比如有了病怎么治病,不一定非要去吃什么药。《黄帝内经》就告诉我们要“志闲而少欲,心安而不惧,形劳而不倦,气从以顺”,要“恬淡虚无,真气从之”,从而使人少生病或不生病。
看完《黄帝内经 》 ,对于中国人民千百年来顺应四时休养生息的生活我也有了更为深刻的理解,以前不好的生活习惯在我身上都能找到,比如说经常熬夜,暴饮暴食,而《黄帝内经 》 说道: “ 人与天地相参,与日月相应也 ”“ 四时阴阳,从之则生,逆之者亡。 ” 正常情况下,阴阳对立统一运动有度、有序、适时当位,则阴阳和谐,反之则阴阳失调,而人体疾病的本质就是阴阳失调。《黄帝内经 》 不但在健康上给我们提供了辩证的思想,在精神上也给了我们有益的指引,比如在现实社会中,工作压力大,社会关系复杂,都会给我们的情绪带来影响,而这本书告诉我们,喜怒悲忧恐等精神情志活动,也是五脏功能的表现,也就是说,五脏出现疾病同样会给人带来情绪上的疾病,反之,情绪的失常也会影响五脏的健康。大喜伤心,大悲伤肺,大怒伤肝,大恐伤肾,忧思伤脾。所以,我们在现实生活中要保持平常的心态:不以物喜,不以己悲。保持和谐的生活方式和人际关系,对我们的身体健康、生活工作都有好处。所以养生说到底就是在说饮食、起居、工作和劳动、精神这四个方面的问题。只要这四个方面都能做到,就能像岐伯和黄帝对话当中所说的这样,人人都能活过一百岁。所以说活到一百岁并不稀奇,不需要外求,只需要做好这四方面就可以了。而这四个方面贯穿了我们的日常生活,做到这四点,不是一天两天就行了,而是一辈子,每时每刻都这么做,把它变成一种生活方式,变成一种生活习惯。
良好的生活方式,生活习惯应该像《黄帝内经 》 里说的一样:
1.“饮食有节制,起居有规律,不妄事操劳”;肆欲纵色,耗散精气,喝酒行房事,此行差也。
2.“唾沫吐得太远,有伤元气”。
3.“恬淡虚无,真气从之,精神内守,病安从来 ”。没有非分之想,平和安宁,真气保存体内,形影不离,病不伤也。
4.“仁者寿也:胸怀宽广者,益寿;反之。胸怀狭隘者,不益健康有害生命”;德行不克,纵服玉液金丹,未能延寿;道德日全者不祈善而有福,不求寿而自延,此养生之大旨也。注重道德修养:“浩然正气”有利于身心健康??
5.“如果连自己都不能原谅的人,怎能心如止水;”“还在判断值与不值得,可见心中还有衡量,还是有‘气根’”。
《伤寒论》,是一部阐述外感及其杂病治疗规律的专著。全书重点论述人体感受风寒之邪而引起的一系列病理变化及如何进行辩证施治的方法。其主要内容是六经辨证和辨方证,尤其注重辨方证,近代经方大师胡希恕曾提出:辨方证是辨证的尖端,是在强调经方理论的特点。《伤寒杂病论》对每一个方证,论述非常精详,既说明其主要适应证,也详述其禁忌
证及类似证、鉴别证。例如《伤寒论》就有20多条提到桂枝汤。对一个方证论述如此精细,是在告诫后人辨方证的重要性,同时也告诉人们,在辨方证时,要注意到证的病位在表、在里,还是在半表半里,证候的病性属阳还是属阴。
在《伤寒论》的学习中,方证很重要的,其主要内容是六经辨证和辨方证,尤其注重辨方证,近代经方大师胡希恕曾提出:辨方证是辨证的尖端,是在强调经方理论的特点。《伤寒杂病论》对每一个方证,论述非常精详,既说明其主要适应证,也详述其禁忌证及类似证、鉴别证;其次是药量,以桂枝汤为例,桂枝,白芍,甘草,生姜,大枣五味,非常平常.但只这五味药在伤寒中的变局是最多的,桂枝或加其量,或加其味,或减其味,真是让人眼花缭乱,难以适其所以.比如桂枝汤加桂枝量,则为桂枝加桂汤,加芍药量则为小建中汤,去芍加附则为桂枝附子汤,去桂又为芍药甘草汤,其他的有麻黄汤类方,承气汤类方,泻心汤类方,总结相类方之间的主治和药味药量的区别,再结合多看书,也会有所收获;最后,煎煮法也很重要。《伤寒论》中用到麻黄的方剂共有7首。7方用麻黄虽皆是先煎,但先煎之中还有略有差别:一是麻黄汤、葛根汤、小青龙汤等,都是“先煮麻黄,减二升,去上沫”;二是桂枝麻黄各半汤、麻黄升麻汤等,都是“先煮麻黄一两沸,去上沫”;三是麻黄连轺赤小豆汤中“先煮麻黄再沸,去上沫”。由上可见,麻黄在不同的方剂中的煎煮时间是不一样的,也就是说对于不同的病症,仲景采取了不同煎煮法以使药物达到最好的疗效。
《温病条辨》为吴瑭多年温病学术研究和临床总结的力作。全书以三焦辨证为主干,前后贯穿,释解温病全过程辨治,同时参以仲景六经辨证、刘河间温热病机。是温病学派大家吴鞠通的重要著作,对温病学说理论基础的建立和临床疗效的提高具有划时代的重要意义。而且《温病条辨》可以说是伤寒论的完善,弥补了自仲景以来只有伤寒没有瘟病的遗憾。而该书也是采用《伤寒论》的格式所写,且采用三焦辨证是纵向的思路。而伤寒采用六经辩证是由表入里的横向思路,正如瑭之所言:“学者诚能合二书而细心体察,自无难识之证,虽不及内伤,而万病诊法,实不出此一纵一横之外。”
以上这几点,就是我读中医经典的体会,然而中医经典需要反复读,仔细读,乃至“渐能成诵”。而自与之相差甚远,所以在以后的生活学习中,要不断学习、不断总结。最终使自己成为一个合格的中医医师。
After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before readers: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocating equality of life and being confident before hard conditions.
Her early life at Gateshead was terrible, everyone seems harsh on her. She survives her parents at an early age, and has to live with her ugly aunt and three cousins. She suffers large quantities of bad conditions that others may not experience. However, she does not give up in despair, she does not destroy herself mentally, instead, Jane Eyre is filled with unlimited confidence, and she is a strong spirit, a victory over the inner personality.
She is then forced to send to Lowood Institution, unfortunately, life there turns out to be terrible, too. She is still under physical and spiritual punishment. Mr Brocklehurst insults her to be a liar before all pupils and teachers. But there she meets one sincere friend Helen Burns and one sincere teacher Miss Temple. They always treat her well. She then behaves very well and get many people’s recognition. Six years later, she makes a teacher there.
After two years teaching life at Lowood Institution, she plans to leave there to pursuit her own life and happiness. She was in a position of governess through a letter from Thornfield. Her life was totally changed after that. There she met a lovely girl, Adele and her master, Mr. Rochester. She has a special feeling about them. With the development of the plots, Jane Eyre succeed a large sum of money from his uncle, and through all bitter things which was caused by Rochester’s wife in Thornfield, Jane Eyre and Mr.Rockester finally get married and lead an ideal life.
I think Jane Eyre is an autobiography of Charlotte Bronte. Although the story is made up, the heroine and people's life and the environment in the story were taken from the details of real people around and experience. Charlotte Bronte described a young girl’s struggling life to express her inner thought: everyone is equal regardless of his or her gender. The uniqueness of Jane Eyre is not only lies in its truth and the strong artistic appeal, but also lies in the particular female image. The love story of Rochester and Jane Eyre vividly shows the fire of passion and sincere heart strongly reveals their notions of love. She looks down upon the upper class who only use their power to do what they intend to do and laughs at their stupid to show her independent character and beauty dream.
In the actual fact, she wasn’t pretty, even herself knows that, and of course, the ordinary appearance make others have bad opinion on her, even her own aunt dislike her. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down upon and tease, but she was totally much more than “the plain and ugly tutor”. And as a little governess she said to her master: “Do you think my poor, obscure, plain, and little has led me to be a soulless and heartless person? You have done a wrong thing!”Underneath these lines sees the equality of human in Jane Eyre’s mind. She has affection towards her master, Mr. Rochester, but when she finds that he has already had a wife, she leaves him and her love place without consideration. Although God did not grant her a beauty and wealth person, instead, God gave her a kind mind and a thoughtful brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impressed us extremely much and make us feel the power inside her small body.
In my mind, a person’s beauty on the face can only make others feel that he or she is attractive or charming, if his or her mind isn’t the same noble as the appearance, beauty of this kind cannot last for a long time, because other people will one day find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a superficial one, it’s not sincere, they will not like the person any more. For a long time, only a person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty, just as Albert Einstein said: “A person must be held accountable for their biological survival or all of the meaning or purpose, from an objective point of view, I think it is ridiculous. Everyone can have a certain ideal, which determines the ideal and his efforts to determine the direction. In this sense, I never easy and the enjoyment of life as an end in itself, the ethical basis of this, I call it the ideal pigsty. I lit up the road, and continue to give me new courage to face up to the pleasure of the ideal life is good and the beautiful and true. If it were not for like-minded between the warm feelings, but focus on the objective world, the arts and sciences in the field of work will never reach the target, and then it seems to me that life would be empty. There are efforts to pursue the goal of the vulgar - property, vanity, luxury living, I think it is despicable.”
Now I get a better understanding of what real beauty is, as we are all human-beings, so we should distinguish whether a man is noble or vulgar.
Jane Eyre’s story makes me thinking about our future life and I learn much from her experiences, I know everyone will have a better tomorrow if one holds his beliefs, regardless of one’s status and the situation he is in.
我来自比较贫穷的山区,小时候病了都是那些地方郎中给治的,而穷地方的老郎中基本都用草药,-小时候恨死那些老郎中了,那些药苦得人眼泪直流啊。而学过中医基础知识后,却对中医有了一种特别的感情,对还在家乡用廉价的草药为故乡人治病的慈祥的老郎中有种特别的感激。
中医是世界上唯一存续数千年而又拥有系统理论的医学,它博大精深,源远流长。它建立在“阴阳”“五行”“经络”“气相”“血相”等学说之上。其中,“阴阳”与“五行”纯属中国哲学的范畴;“经络”、“穴位”、 “气相”、“血相”又是观察不见到的,因而显得有些“神秘”。至于中药,往往是原材入药,又常常是多药配伍,因而其药理是一种综合效应。
中医不像西医的直观、线性的思维方式,它我一种抽象的、综合的思维方式。中医的`“阴阳”、“五行”、“经络”、“气相”、“血相”都是抽象的,需要靠灵性去领悟,需要靠想象去意会,需要靠感觉(即望、闻、问、切)去判断,中医尽管将人体的五脏六腑分别纳入“五行”之中,但绝不将它们割裂开来,而恰恰是将它们作为一个相互制衡的有机系统,完整地统一看待。中医尽管将人体的前后、表里、虚实、寒燥等分别划归“阴”、“阳”两大范畴,但不仅不将其割裂,反而特别强调“阴阳调和”。中医不是针对疾病的直接原因采取对抗性措施,而是强调“扶正祛邪”,即扶持和维护人体自身所具有的正常功能以排除各种不正常的干扰。这些在课堂上学到的理论知识在最下层的乡下老郎中身上都会体现。现在如果你去医院对医生说你肚子痛,那么医生就会让你做什么检查,在给你开些治这个的药。但是记得小时候肚子痛,中医说法是上火,老郎中除了给吃良药后,还用计谋吓我们,让我们太阳很大的时候不敢去晒太阳了,不敢做在被太阳晒得烫烫的石头上了,然后肚子就会很久都不会痛了,所以对那个老头子是又恨又得听话啊。
还有,古代中医并不分科,往往是由一名医师诊断所有的疾病。这些都是中医抽象与综合思维方式的具体表现。这在平时我们见过的中医治疗中是很常见的。一个老郎中,他可是集脑科骨科五官科内科外科妇产科于一身的,只要是病 ,不管什么病都是老郎中给治的,他是穷苦地方人们的神,而造就这样的神的,就是我们中医。
我们的审美其实在中医里都有体现的,“中医说,‘心开窍于舌,其华在面’;上粉底把两腮衬托的白里透红,就是为证明我的心气是旺盛的。‘肝开窍于目,其华在爪’;涂指甲油把手指甲染成红色,就是要表示我的肝血是充沛的。‘脾开窍于口,其华在唇’;打口红就是要表明我胃口好。‘肺开窍于鼻,其华在皮毛’,用润肤霜洗面奶把皮肤打理得光滑细嫩,就是要表明我的肺健康。‘肾开窍于耳,其华在发’;一头乌黑浓密的秀发恰好说明我肾中阴阳的平衡。”1由此可知,中医已经在不知不觉中影响我们的审美,中医的理论已经深入到一个根本就不不知道中医 的人的意识中,人们都在以中医所建立的健康标准在要求自己,甚至就是说中医说的健康不健康就是日常生日经常说的美不美。中医的影响由此可见一斑。 。”
学问。“古时之人参,得天地轻灵之气,故既可补阴,又可补阳;今时之人参。得世俗之浊气,故性味多偏温燥”2。由于现在什么都在讲究产业化,中药也不例外,导致很中药的药中药是中医学的一个重要组成部分,它原材入药,在乡下,平常我们的小病就是家里 的草药都能对付过去,每个乡下人都是一个没入门的中医,对一些简单的头痛脑热的都能自己给治疗。但是有些药却也是有讲究的,对其生长环境,生长年份,制药过程都是有严格要求的。特别是煎药时候的火候,这是一个老中医的大性发生了很多的变化,很多已经没有药到病除的效果了。这也给否认中医的一个可谈之词。 1
2《 中医与西医的比较及中医的科学性》 《中国卫生产业》2007第九期 《中医医话》207.05
近几年来,中医这个几千年来给中国人们带来健康的医学却遭到非议,说它是伪科学。不错,中医很多理论和方法现代科学是不能解释的,可是这能说明它就是错误的吗?我是一个工科学生,我对人类历史上那些当时不能解释,而当新的对真理靠近了的理论出现后却都迎刃而解的事实有着很深的感触,有时候,也正因为有这样的事情存在,才使得我们更靠近真理。现代科学不能解释而却实用有效的中医可能就是这样的一个。
作为华夏子孙,作为龙的传人,对祖先们留给我们的如此博大精深的文化医学财富,我们应该以足够的重视,不但要继承,而且要把我们祖国的医学发扬光大。
中医的治疗手法有:针灸、推拿、拔罐、口服中药、外用膏药等。最重要的就是中药和针灸。
(1)中药自神农尝百草、伊尹制汤液开始,经张仲景《伤寒杂病论》后,中药疗法在中医治疗中具有核心地位。中药有四气五味。四气:寒、热、温、凉;五味:酸、苦、甘、辛、咸。以“辛”为例。辛辣的味道具有发散、走串的性质,可以发散由风寒邪气束缚肌表而导致的感冒,饮食不当引起的食积等以邪气停留为主要表现的病症,都需要用辛味药来通达。但是,但凡某一事物的性质存在偏颇,则必然存在有利有弊的现象。辛味药虽然性味勇猛,善于打攻坚战,但是只要辛味药出现的地方,往往伴随着对人体气血的耗损,需要“配伍”,即通过多味药物的配合使用,来提高疗效,减少副作用。
(2)针灸疗法的应用早于中药疗法。《黄帝内经》中所记载的疾病的治疗大部分是用针刺法进行。但是针灸疗法在今天处于非常弱势的地位。实际上,针灸疗法以其运用之方便,调理之中正,取效之迅捷,往往具有中药疗法和西药治疗所无法比拟的优势。
我国古人的智慧不仅满足于治病,还在于养生,就是怎样才能不生病?养生的方法是重要的,但更重要的是把握人体的规律,遵从生命的智慧。
引起疾病的因素分为三类:内因、外因和不内外因。内因包括饮食、情志和劳逸等方面的异常;外因包括风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火这六种自然气候的'过与不及;不内外因主要指虫蛇咬伤、刀剑损伤等。
西医说的病毒、细菌是病因么?
以外感病——感冒为例,不同的季节都会有感冒,症状也各有不同,有打喷嚏,有嗓子痛,有腹泻,有咳嗽。如果病因都是细菌引起的,为什么表现会有如此大的差异?
以内伤疾病——糖尿病为例,糖尿病有一种类型叫做阴虚火旺。吃的多、喝的多、火气很大,但是人比较瘦,睡眠很差,入睡困难,梦又多。即阳热盛阴气虚。如果用苦寒之药来清泻阳热,同样也会耗伤阴气。苦寒药对脾胃伤害也很大,脾胃受损,气血就无法得到补充,阴阳就更虚弱了。正确的方法是用甘凉的药滋阴,阴气不虚则能抵抗阳气盛。
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