金秋时节,丹桂飘香,风景宜人。走进九峰公园,闻到了沁人心脾的桂花香味,看到了桂花串串盛开的美景,听到了“啧啧”的赞叹声。人们有的抬起头,有的伸长脖子,有的踮起脚,有的伸长手臂,有的拿起照相机拍摄下来,细细品赏。
九峰公园内有桂花四五百株,其中树龄达到一二百年就有几十株,是名副其实的赏桂基地。每逢金秋时节,赏桂就成了黄岩人们最期待的乐事之一,“九峰公园桂花开了没?”自然而然也就成了最流行的一句话。由于桂花对温度和湿度非常敏感,花期又与秋季降温有关,上阶段气温偏高,而现在这种白天阳光充沛,早晚凉爽湿润的天气十分有利于桂树的营养积累,也易促使雨露形成,桂树随之加速开花,因此今年开花要比去年晚半个月左右。
李清照称桂花树“自是花中第一流”,真是名不虚传。瞧!金桂橘红,银桂淡黄,那一串串、一簇簇的小花在柔风中推摸着,拥挤着,交头接耳,那神态,就像一群挤在窝边叽叽喳喳挣食的雏燕,朵朵迷人的小花,从叶子里伸出迷人的小脸蛋,东瞧瞧,西望望,好象看见了什么新鲜事儿……它能激发情思,给人以无穷的遐想。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
在寂静的夜里,唯独木兰家的灯还亮着。从屋子里传出一遍又一遍的叹息声。猜想肯定是木兰有心事。娘走过来看了看木兰说:“孩子,你在想什么呢?”木兰摇摇头答道:“没什么,只是昨夜见到军队的文稿,征兵栏上有爹的.名字。爹爹年迈,又体弱多病,我们家里没有成年的男子,这可如何是好呀……”忽然,她眼里闪过一道兴奋的光芒。木兰看着娘说:“娘,女儿愿意替父从军!”娘没有再多说什么,只是和木兰的手紧紧握在一起。
出征这天,木兰把自己的头发盘了起来,穿上了男儿装,再望望远处,心中不免有些留念。
与爹娘分手后,木兰没回头望一眼。直至渡过黄河,翻过黑山,才回头,此时早已听不见爹娘的呼唤,也看不到故乡了,战马的嘶鸣却在耳边回荡。
战场十年的厮***,对于木兰是那么漫长。战争终于结束了,一切又恢复和平。对立大功的木兰,皇上欲封她为尚书郎。木兰对着皇上说:“木兰不要当什么官,只要还乡见爹娘,请皇上恩准。”皇上说了一句:“朕答应你,让你还乡见爹娘。”
木兰骑着马回到了家乡,只见到爹娘和乡亲们都出来纷纷欢迎木兰还乡。木兰一见爹娘,姐姐仔细打扮一番,木兰的弟弟磨着刀,准备***猪羊呢。木兰笑笑,走进了闺房。
脱去战袍,穿上了旧衣裙,拉下头巾,披起了长发,木兰细心梳理着长发,戴上发饰,出去见她的伙伴。伙伴们一个个目瞪口呆,原来木兰是女郎。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
第二清早,花木兰就出门到街头上,买骏马、买马鞍、马笼头、马鞭,忙乎了好一阵子,备齐了战装,然后辞别父母,女扮男装头也不回地走了.早晨辞别了父母,晚上花木兰宿在了黄河边,她听不到爹娘呼唤女儿的声音,听到的只是黄河流水的“哗哗”声.
第二天早上,她辞别了黄河,晚上又宿在黑山头.
经过了十几天的长途跋涉后,花木兰最终来到了燕山脚下,她听到胡人兵马的嘶鸣声.花木兰发誓:为了父母,为了国家,自己一定要全力以赴,战胜敌人!
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