前苏联心理学家维果斯基的“最近发展区理论”认为,最近发展区是学生的现有水平和学生可能的发展水平之间的差距。教学应首先明确学生的最近发展区,从而有针对性的选择教学内容,这让的选择会使内容难易程度更加适合学生的需要,调动学生的积极性,发挥其潜能,超越其最近发展区,在此基础上进入下一个发展区。
美国心理学家布卢姆提出了“掌握学习理论”。“掌握学习理论”认为学生学习中成绩的不尽如人意的主因不是学生的智力因素,而是没有适当的学习条件和恰当的帮助造成的。如果每个学生都能得到良好的学习条件,那么学生的学习效果是没有多大差别的。
人本主义的代表人物罗杰斯认为,人的本性是积极向上的,向上的动力来源于自身的许多不同层次的需求,人在不断满足自我需求中来“自我实现”。因此,教育的目标应该和个体的需求应该是一致的。人本主义理论强调尊重学生的个性,充分调动学生的积极性,发挥学生的潜能,使其在主动的参与中来享受自身价值的快乐。而高职英语分层教学的`开展,能够更大限度的尊重学生的个性,发挥其潜能,使“以学生为中心”的理念更加充分的体现。一、分层标准的确定。在实际操作中,很多院校的分层都是以入学成绩或是入学后某次测试的成绩为依据的。学生的单次成绩的偶然性是很大的,并不一定能够客观的反映学生的基础知识掌握程度和接受能力。另外,对于分层标准的划定。由于缺乏量化的实验数据的支持,很难划出区分层次的临界点,而现实操作中通常是以各个层次学生人数的平衡为目标的,而这样的划定结果并不一定能够将所有学生都分入恰当的层次,即有的学生由于学校教学班级人数的要求而进入了不一定适合他的班级。二、评估方式的确定。同一专业班级不同分层班级的学生的考试内容是否应该相同?是同一种考核方式还是有所区分?如果考试内容不同,试卷难度如何达到统一?试卷难度相对较大的班级学生的成绩是否应该确定一个大于1的系数?系数如何确定?三、学生自尊心受到影响。如果没有进行有效的解释和沟通,让学生真正认识到分层教学的意义和对自己学习的益处,低层次班级的学生会在心理上排斥这种教学方式。学生的自信心和积极性一旦受到伤害,学习效果会大打折扣。四、分层教学的开展会引起榜样的缺失。同一层次的学生区别不大,那么学生之间就会找不到学习的榜样,找不到努力学习的参照物,学生会感到方向的迷失。因此分层教学的开展必须有周密的计划安排,操作不当,反而会影响学生潜能的发挥。
总之,高职英语分层教学是有其教学理论和心理学依据的,它的目的就是要尊重个体,体现差异,满足个性化需求。同时,分层教学也对学校的教学管理和学生管理提出了更高的要求。
When I was in high school, one of my classmates sit right beside me. His name is ChenLiang. He is my unforgettable person in my life.I remembered my mathematics was just mediocre at that time, but he was extraordinary and excellent in calculating and solving mathematic questions. He often received perfect scores. Of course, I wished I could reach at his level. Since we talked all day long, I asked how he could solve those difficult questions. He was so patient and polite to answer my sometimes ridiculous thinking. Gradually, I built my confidence at mathematics and finally passed the college entrance exam.youtheme
Now, we are apart, but I still remember his great attitude and willing in study. I am so obliged to my classmate, who is my friend always and forever.
翻译:
当我在高中的时候,我的一个同学坐在我旁边。他的名字是亮。他是我一生中最难忘的人,我记得当时我的数学成绩很平庸,但他在计算和解决数学问题方面表现不凡,成绩优异。他经常得到完美的成绩。当然,我希望我能达到他的水平。既然我们谈了一整天,我问他怎么能解决这些困难的问题。他是那么耐心和礼貌的回答我有时可笑的想法。渐渐地,我对数学有了信心,并最终通过了大学入学
现在,我们分开了,但我仍然记得他的伟大的态度,并愿意在学习。我很感激我的同学,他是我的朋友,永远和永远。
The person I admire is my mum. She is an English teacher. She is very popular among the students because she spends lots of time on her lessons and has a good sense of humor. Students all enjoy her class.
My mum is not only a good teacher, but also a great mother. She is patient with me and always smiling while talking. My mum teaches me how to think independently and helps me to build up my confidence. When I have some difficulties in my studies, it is my mum who encourages me to work until I solve the problem. When I’m feeling sad or bad, it is also my mum who looks after me with care.
I remember when I caught a fever at midnight last year, my mum took me to the hospital as fast as she could. When we got home after my injection, it was about 5 o’clock in the early morning. My mum only slept 2 hours because she had to wake up at 7 o’clock to prepare breakfast for me, and then she went to work. She must be very tired that day.
My mum is not very beautiful, but I admire and love her.
分层又分为隐形分层和显性分层。王先荣提出隐形分层是以自然班为单位,综和考虑学生原有基础、智力特点、兴趣爱好、学习潜力等具体情况,“暗中”把相当水平的、某些方而相类似的学生归结为一个“层次”,并分配在不同的组内。显性分层教学是根据学生的英语知识基础、智力水平、学习能力、兴趣特点等因素,将其分成不同的教学班级,从而打破专业班级的界限,更加有针对性的进行教学活动。以期在学生接受能力的基础上,满足不同学生的需求。隐性分层时,教师不向学生公布分层标准和结果,只是在小组活动、座位排定等活动中对学生进行特定的安排,从而实现针对性的分层教学。显性分层操作相对简便,分层标准明确,考核方法简便,但是如果操作不当会引起部分学生的心理负担,影响到分层的效果,达不到分层的初衷;隐性分层能够很好的满足学生的心理需求,但是分层标准不透明,教学内容和教学方法的应用受到限制,同时教师在操作过程中容易受到个人主观因素的影响。
三、高职英
In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.
在我的生活中,我遇到了很多值得回忆的人。但也许是我最难忘的人,我知道是我的英语老师。
What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer—an awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in explorating something deeper in this field. Second, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.
我学校老师经常给我的回忆是他的特殊品质。首先,他给了我们最伟大的`礼物,一个老师可以给我们一个充满激情的觉醒。我们的美丽和完美的英语语言文学的欣赏,但也引起了在这一领域探索更深层次的东西我很感兴趣。其次,我被他的活泼机智所吸引。我记得我们的学生总是期待他的课非常热心,他讲课生动幽默,从不惹笑或大声笑。
Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.
虽然我上了他上一节课已经快两年了,他是我们的老同学,我知道他已经在我心中留下了一部分。
高职教育是以就业为导向的教育,其目标是培养高素质的技能型人才。而高职英语教学则承担着提升学生语言交际能力、开拓学生视野、转变学生思维方式、拓展学生发展空间的重任。但是现实的情况并不乐观。高职教育规模的迅速扩张,使班级的容量过大,在一定程度上影响了对于学生个体的关注,影响了教学效果。另外,生源范围的扩大,学生来源层次的多元性使得学生的英语水平参差不齐,这就使教学效果受到了很大的影响。而分层教学可以再很大程度上弥补这些不足。在教学内容上,分层教学可以根据学生的现有的英语学习状况,调整安排更加具有针对性的学习内容;在教学目标上,分层教学可以根据不同层次学生的需求,制定更加个性化的目标,更加关注学生的个人发展;在教学效果上,可以使不同层次的学生都有成功的体验,从而实现一种心理上的满足,激发学习兴趣,增强学习动力。
高职英语教学是以以下假设为前提的:一、由于先天或后天的某种主客观因素的影响,学生在学习基础、认知水平、接受能力等方面是存在差异的,并且这种差异会在一定程度上影响到其今后的学习效果。二、通过分层教学,即通过改变教学活动的组织形式,选择与学生基础和接受能力相适应的个性化的教学内容和教学方法,可以使学生在不同层次上不断提高,使低层次的学生不断的有效的向高层次推进,最终达到共同的教学目标。三、分层教学为学生提供了更多的更适合的学习、发展的机会,目的是调动学习者的智力因素、情感因素达到最佳状态,二者共同配合,促进学习者能够更加有效的掌握知识,提高能力。
When I was in high school, there was a teacher who taught me more than that in was a very kind boy, 4 or 5 years older than us and taught us geography. We all liked to take his class, though geography was not our major course.
What impressed me a lot was his could see him always got angry only when we were too noisy in class,he often played soccer with used to be a very believable defender and never fouled on any of us.
We all liked to call him "Teacher Miao" and he was just like a friend, not a sonsy personality inspired me to be kind to everyone I was my well-beloved "Teacher Miao.
When I was in high school, there was a teacher who taught me more than that in was a very kind boy, 4 or 5 years older than us and taught us geography. We all liked to take his class, though geography was not our major course.
What impressed me a lot was his could see him always got angry only when we were too noisy in class,he often played soccer with used to be a very believable defender and never fouled on any of us.
We all liked to call him "Teacher Miao" and he was just like a friend, not a sonsy personality inspired me to be kind to everyone I was my well-beloved "Teacher Miao.
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