1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
我有一个乐于助人的爸爸,这让我十分骄傲。
记得有一次,我邻居阿姨家买了许多书,阿姨自己搬不到楼上去,叔叔又不在家,就请爸爸帮忙。爸爸知道了二话不说就赶紧跑下楼帮助阿姨搬书。爸爸看到书,搬起一摞就向楼上跑。第一次,爸爸跑得很轻松,搬的很快。第二次,爸爸搬得就不是那么顺利了,速度慢了许多。
我本来以为不会再搬了,可是爸爸又开始了第三趟,只见爸爸弯着腰,弓着背,头上也落下了珍珠般大小的汗珠。我看见了,心里有说不出的滋味,真想让爸爸歇一会儿再搬。我就问爸爸:“爸爸,喝口水再搬吧!”爸爸说:“不了,搬完了再喝吧。”等搬第四趟的时候爸爸已经累得直不起腰来了,大滴大滴的汗水顺着头发往下流。四层楼啊,爸爸爬上跑下的来后八趟,终于全都搬上来了。
我爱我的这位乐于助人的爸爸。
在这三年里,我的同桌一直没有变,就是那个个子高高瘦瘦,永远扎着个马尾辫的北方女孩王恩踏。她性格豪爽,从不跟我斤斤计较,而且她善良可爱,乐于助人。
记得有一次,上画画课,老师让我们每个人都拿出卡纸,今天是手工课,我拉开书包,把每个口袋都找遍了,书包也被我翻了个底朝天,却没有发现卡纸的踪影,急得我头上汗珠直冒,像个热锅上的蚂蚁,脸也急得通红。同桌见状问我:“你怎么啦,没带卡纸吗?”我焦急地说:“我记得拿了卡纸放书包的`,现在怎么找不到了?”突然想起,早晨我正在拿卡纸的时候妈妈让我吃早点,可能打了个岔给忘了,哎哟!这怎么办呢?同桌不紧不慢地从她的书包里拿出一张兰色卡纸递给我,“别着急,我带了两张,我们一人一张吧!”在这紧要关头,她真是雪中送炭呀!我激动地说:“明天我带两张给你,谢谢你!”她却摇了摇头说:“小事一桩嘛,我家卡纸多的是,不用还给我了,就当是我送给你的。”
“同桌”——这个温馨的字眼,三年的学习生活将我们紧紧地联系在一起,让我觉得我们更像一个战壕里的战友、更像一个大家庭里的兄弟姐妹。
在我家附近,只要提起我爸爸的名字人人都会竖起大拇指。这是为什么呢?原来是因为爸爸的乐于助人。
有一天晚上七点钟,爸爸坐在逍遥椅上看着他最爱的《新闻联播》“砰砰”突然有人敲门,我开门一看,是楼上的李叔叔来了,原来他家的电灯坏了,找爸爸去修理。爸爸二话没说,关上电视机急忙背上工具箱就要出门,我挡住了爸爸,说:“爸爸,妈妈的饭马上就好了,还是先吃饭吧。”爸爸说:“这怎么行?如果李叔叔家没灯,那他们家怎么做事呢?”说完将我推到一边和李叔叔一起到楼上去了。
爸爸走了没多一会,妈妈的.饭就烧好了,我就上楼催爸爸,爸爸说:“你先回,我快修好了,”我回到家里和妈妈一起吃完了饭,可是爸爸还没有下来,我只好又上去催,可爸爸依旧说一会就回家八点多钟爸爸满身披着灰尘,满脸挂着汗珠回来了,我说:“早就叫你先吃饭吧,这么晚连饭也没吃。”爸爸说:“为了帮助别人,一顿饭晚点吃有什么关系呢?”
这就是我的爸爸,一个乐于助人的人!
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